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Module 2 Cardiovascular system Flashcards

(115 cards)

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1
Q

Cardiac cycle is a

A

Heartbeat

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2
Q

Lubb and Dubb

A

lubb sound indicates the closing of the valves between the atria and ventricles and the contracting ventricles; the dubb sound indicates the closing of the semilunar valves

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3
Q

Stroke volume

A

is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat.

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4
Q

Name 5 groups of blood vessels

A

Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venues Veins

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5
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart and towards the tissues

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6
Q

Arterioles

A

Are small subdivisions of the arteries They carry blood into the capillaries

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7
Q

Capillaries

A

exchange between the blood and the body cells & between the blood and air in the lung tissues Connect the arteriolar and venules

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8
Q

Venules

A

Venues are small vessels that receive blood back from the capillaries and begin its transport back toward the heart

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9
Q

Veins

A

Vessel that bring blood back to the heart

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10
Q

The ______ delivers blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is eliminated and oxygen is replenished

A

Pulmonary circuit

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11
Q

The pulmonary trunk and its arterial branches carry blood from the ____ to ___

A

Right ventricle Lungs

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12
Q

The _____ carry blood back to the left atrium

A

The pulmonary veins

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13
Q

Pulmonary vessels differ from those in the systemic circuit in that the pulmonary arteries carry blood that is low in oxygen and the pulmonary veins carry blood that is high oxygen. All the remaining arteries carry highly oxygenated blood and all the remaining Viens carry blood that is low in oxygen

A

.

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14
Q

Vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to all the tissues and carry waste material away from the tissues for disposal

A

The systemic circuit

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15
Q

The aorta Receives blood from the _____and then branches into the _____ carrying blood to the tissues

A

Left ventricle Systemic arteries

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16
Q

The pulmonary capillaries in the lungs is where _____ happens. And the systemic capillaries is where _____ happens

A

Gas exchangeMaterials are exchanged

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17
Q

The _____ carry blood back toward the heart. The venous blood flows into the right atrium of the heart through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

A

Systemic veins

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18
Q

What are functions of the blood

A

Transportation regulation and protection

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19
Q

Blood volume in male and females

A

4.5 L in female 5.6 L in male

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20
Q

What color is blood when oxygenated

A

Bright red

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21
Q

What color is a blood when deoxygenated

A

Dark purpleish red

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22
Q

Blood is more ___and ____than pure water

A

Viscous and dense

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23
Q

What is the normal pH range for blood

A

7.35-7.45

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24
Q

Blood is slightly warmer then

A

Body temp with a temp of 100.4

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25
How much percent of the blood is plasma
55%
26
How much percent of the blood is leukocytes
Less then 1%
27
How much percent of the blood are erythrocytes
45%
28
Plasma is mostly
Water
29
_____ Is plasma from which the clotting proteins have been removed
Serum
30
Most plasma proteins are produced where
By the liver
31
Albumin is an important plasma protein because it has what functions
Acts as a carrier for other moleculesBuffers the bloodIs a major contributor blood osmotic pressure
32
How does albumin contribute to osmotic pressure
Keeps water in the blood vessels and keeps it from leaking out into tissues
33
Aside from albumin what else contributes to osmotic pressure contributes to osmotic pressure
Sodium ions
34
If albumin levels dropped you would likely see what
Edema
35
Plasma cells are a type of ___ cell
B
36
Plasma is ____ percent water and ____ percent protein
90% 7%
37
Plasma are a type of B cells and B cells make ______ in response to specific antigens and play a major role in immunity
Antibodies
38
Proteins produced by the liver that cause coagulation
Fibrinogen and prothrombin
39
What vitamin aids and blood clotting factors
Vitamin k
40
Where is most of the vitamin K in the body made
The normal flora in the intestinal tract
41
What food provides vitamin K
Greenleafy vegetables
42
If a person was on Coumadin what food would you restrict from their diet
Green leafy vegetables
43
Blood plasma regulatory substances
Hormones and enzymes
44
Blood plasma nutrients
Glucose amino acids fatty acids
45
Blood plasma electrolytes
Sodium potassium calcium magnesium
46
Blood plasma respiratory gases
Oxygen in CO2
47
What do we need to make hemoglobin
Iron
48
Normal of erythrocytes site count
4.4-5 mil/ul
49
Hgb is expressed in what
Gl/dl
50
Hct is expressed in what
%
51
erythrocytes functions
Transports oxygen bound to hemoglobinHemoglobin acts as what buffer
52
What is the most numerous blood cell
( RBC )erythrocytes
53
How many per milliliter are there of red blood cells (erythrocytes)
5 million
54
Red bone marrow makes
Formed elements
55
Yellow bone marrow makes
Mostly fat
56
RBCs are ____ disks without ____
Binocave Nuclei
57
Red blood cells have a lifespan of ___ days
120 days
58
Erythropoiesis occurs in the ___ and is the process by which ________
Bone marrow Red blood cells are made
59
Production of RBC is stimulated by
Erythropoietin
60
Leykocytes (wbc) are ___ cells will large ____
Round Nuclei
61
White blood cells are classified according to the characteristics of the
Nucleus
62
The lifespan of a white blood cell is
A few hours to a few days
63
The functions of white blood cells are _______ And include_______________________
Protective Destroying pathogens Producing antibodiesClean the body of Foreign material
64
Normal white blood cell count
5,000-10,000 cells /ml
65
A count more than _____ is indictive of infection
12,000 cells / ml
66
What are two classes of leukocytes (wbc)
Granulocyte And agranulocyte
67
What are 3 types of granulocytes
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils
68
Neutrophils
Neutrophils are phagocytes and a first responder to acute infection
69
Eosinophils
Allergic reactions and defense against parasites
70
Basophils
Allergic reactions and inflammation
71
Two Types of agranulocytes
Lymphocytes t and B cells Monocytes (marcoogages)
72
Neutrophils make up but how many percent of white blood cells
60-70%
73
What is the most abundant white blood cell
Neutrophils
74
When I monocyte lives in the body tissue it becomes a
Macrophage
75
T cells mature in the
Thymus
76
Bone marrow suppression can result in low WBC count also known as
Thrombocytopenic anemia
77
Thrombocytes
Platelets
78
Thrombocytes functions
Essential in blood coagulationHelp to repair damaged blood vessels
79
A normal thrombocyte count is
150,000-450,000/ul
80
The lifespan of a thrombocyte
5-9 days
81
It clot in the vessel is known as it
Thrombus
82
A moving thrombus
Emboli
83
Thrombocytopenia is
Not enough platelets and thus results in Ecchymosis Bleeding bruising
84
Hemostasis
The stopping of bleeding
85
What is fibrin
An Insoluble protein that That forms a part of the clot along with platelets
86
During hemostasis injury causes the blood vessel to rupture and vascular spasms and may occur due to blood loss or pan ir chemicals from injury
.
87
Platelet plug formation
Seals damage blood vessels
88
Prothrombin + ca =
Thrombin
89
Thrombin + fibrinogen =
Fibrin
90
Fibrin + platelet plug =
Clot
91
Plasma consists of mainly
water
92
A mature red blood cell lacks
a Nucleus
93
Cardiac Output
volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle in the time interval of one minute
94
White blood cells are also called
Leukocytes
95
Process in which cells engulf microorganisms, foreign particles, or other cells
Phagocytosis
96
Cells that are specialized to carry out Phagocytosis
Phagocytes
97
Neutrophils are adept at seeking out and ingesting
Bacteria
98
Prothrombin is manufactured in the _______ with the help of _____
Liver | Vitamin K
99
When a blood clot contracts it squeezes out
Serum
100
Red Blood cells that have specific proteins have ______ on their surfaces
Antigens
101
Patients with O blood type are considered
Universal donors
102
People with Type B blood have
Type A antibodies
103
People with Type A/B have
both A/B antibodies
104
The "LUB" is a
Ventricular Systole
105
Blood goes from the Right atrium to the
Right ventricle
106
Blood goes from the Right ventricle to the
Pulmonary Arteries
107
Blood goes from the Pulmonary Arteries to the
Pulmonary Capillaries
108
Blood goes from Pulmonary Capillaries to the
Pulmonary Veins
109
Blood goes from Pulmonary Veins to the
Left atrium
110
Blood that is poor in the oxygen returns from systemic circulation to the
Right atrium
111
Describe pulmonary circulation
the arteries carries de-oxygenated blood to the lungs and the veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart
112
Describe Systemic Circulation
the arteries carries oxygenated blood to the whole body and the veins carry de-oxygenated blood to the heart
113
Force exerted by the blood against the inner walls of the blood vessels is defined as
Blood pressure
114
Lymph tissue is a type of connective tissue with large numbers of
Lymphocytes
115
Largest organ in the lymphatic system is the
Spleen

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