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Shaker Module 1 Endocrine System Flashcards

(115 cards)

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1
Q

The endocrine system is considered the

A

Regulatory system

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2
Q

The target organ for hormones are

A

tissue

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3
Q

Hormones can either be ______ or _______

A

Proteins or Steroids

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4
Q

Negative feedback means

A

decrease in secretion

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5
Q

Positive feedback means

A

increase in secretion

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6
Q

The pituitary gland is considered the _______ gland because….

A

master gland

hormones regulate the activity of other glands

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7
Q

Activity of the pituitary gland is regulated by the

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

The pituitary gland is located in the

A

sphenoid bone

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9
Q

How is the pituitary gland attached to the hypothalamus

A

By a stalk called the infundibulum

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10
Q

The two lobes in the pituitary gland are the

A

anterior and posterior

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11
Q

How many hormones are in the Anterior Pituitary gland and what are they

A

6

GH - Growth Hormone 
TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone 
PRL - Prolactin 
FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone
LH - Luteinizing Hormone
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12
Q

The Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is also known as

A

interstitial cell stimulating hormone

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13
Q

How many hormones are in the Posterior Pituitary Gland and what are they

A

2

ADH - Antidiuretic Hormone
Oxytocin

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14
Q

The thyroid gland is located ..

A

in the neck just under the larynx

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15
Q

How many lobes does the thyroid have and what is it considered

A

2 (butterfly lobes)

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16
Q

How many hormones are in the thyroid gland and what are they

A

3

t4- Thyroxin
t3- Triiodothyronine
Calcitonin

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17
Q

The Parathyroid is described as ______ and is located ____

A

4 pea sized glands located on the back of the thyroid

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18
Q

How many hormones are in the Parathyroid Gland and what are they

A

1

PTH - Parathyroid Hormone

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19
Q

Describe the Adrenal glands and where it is located

A

Pyramid shaped glands located one on top of each kidney

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20
Q

What are the two parts of the Adrenal glands

A

Adrenal Medulla

Adrenal Cortex

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21
Q

How many hormones does the Adrenal Medulla have and what are they

A

1

Epinephrine

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22
Q

How many hormones are in the Adrenal Cortex and what are they

A

3
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Sex Hormones

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23
Q

The sex hormones are ______ for males and ______ for females

A

Androgens for males

Estrogens for females

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24
Q

The pancreas along with being an endocrine gland is also a

A

Exocrine gland

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25
The endocrine functions of the pancreas take place in
The islets of Langerhans
26
Alpha cells in the Pancreas make
glucagon
27
Beta cells in the Pancreas make
insulin
28
How many hormones are in the Pancreas and what are they
2 Glucagon Insulin
29
Testes are located in the ______ and they produce
Scrotal sac and they produce testosterone
30
Interstitial cells produce
Testosterone
31
Ovaries are located in the ______ and they produce
pelvic cavity and they produce Estrogen and Progesterone
32
The Pineal gland is located in the
Brain
33
The brain is also called the
Diencephalon
34
The Pineal Glands function is very sensitive to
light conditions
35
How many hormones belong to the Pineal Gland and what are they
2 Melatonin Serotonin
36
The thymus gland is located
in the neck inferior to the thyroid gland
37
The thymus gland is special for being the only gland that
shrinks with age
38
How many hormones does the thymus gland secrete and what are they
1 Thymosin
39
The kidney is located
dorsally in the Abdominopelvic cavity
40
How many hormones does the kidney produce and what are they
2 Renin Erythropoietin
41
The Placenta is a _______ that secretes
Temporary secretory organ that secretes Estrogen and Progesterone which help maintain pregnancy
42
Prostaglandins are produced by
most tissues and exert local effects
43
Prostaglandins are involved in
``` Inflammation Pain Vasoconstriction Vasodilation Reproduction Uterine Contractions Blood clotting ```
44
Growth hormone is secreted by the _________ helps
Anterior Pituitary Gland | Causes growth in height,
45
Which hormone is needed for tissue repair and stimulates protein synthesis
Growth hormone
46
Overproduction of growth hormone can cause
gigantism or Acromegaly
47
Underproduction of growth hormone can cause
dwarfism
48
Target tissue for growth hormone is
Most body tissues
49
Target for Thyroid Stimulating hormone is
Thyroid gland
50
Effect of Thyroid Stimulating hormone is
secretion of thyroid hormones
51
Target for Adrenocorticotropic hormone is
Adrenal Cortex
52
Effect of Adrenocorticotropic hormone is
secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex
53
Target for Prolactin is
Mammary glands
54
Effect of Prolactin is
Milk PRODUCTION postpartum
55
Target for Follicle Stimulating hormone is
Ovaries/testes
56
Effect of Follicle Stimulating hormone is
development of Ova / Sperm cells
57
Target for Luteinizing hormone is
Ovaries
58
Effect of Luteinizing Hormone is
Ovulation
59
Target for LH (interstitial cell) is
Testes
60
Effect of LH (interstitial cell) is
testosterone secretion
61
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone is secreted by the
Anterior Pituitary Gland
62
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone is secreted by the
Anterior Pituitary Gland
63
Prolactin is secreted by the
Anterior Pituitary Gland
64
Follicle Stimulating Hormone is secreted by the
Anterior Pituitary Gland
65
Luteinizing Hormone is secreted by the
Anterior Pituitary Gland
66
Antidiuretic Hormone is secreted by the
Posterior Pituitary Gland
67
Target for Antidiuretic Hormone is
Kidney
68
Effect of Antidiuretic Hormone is
Reabsorption of water
69
High concentration of Antidiuretic Hormone causes
vasoconstriction
70
Hypo secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone causes
Diabetes insipidus
71
Hyper Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone causes
SIADH
72
Oxytocin is secreted by
Posterior Pituitary Gland
73
Target for Oxytocin is
Uterus and breasts
74
Effect of Oxytocin is
uterine contractions and milk EJECTION
75
Oxytocin is controlled by a ________
Positive feedback loop
76
Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine is secreted by the
Thyroid Gland
77
Effect of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine
Regulate BMR
78
What is necessary for making Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine
Iodine
79
Hypothyroidism can cause (3)
Cretinism Goiter Myxedema
80
Hyperthyroidism can cause
Graves disease
81
Calcitonin is secreted by the
Thyroid Gland
82
Effect of Calcitonin
Decreases the resorption of Ca and P from the bone, decreasing blood calcium concentration Increases activity of osteoblasts
83
Parathyroid hormone is secreted by the
Parathyroid Gland
84
Effect of Parathyroid hormone is
antagonist of Calcitonin Increases absorption of Ca from food Decreases Ca excretion by the kidneys
85
Epinephrine is secreted by the
Adrenal Medulla
86
Effect of Epinephrine
``` Increases cardiac contractions Dilates the bronchi Decreases peristalsis Promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver Increases the rate of cell respiration Increases use of fat for energy Vasodilation in skeletal muscles Vasoconstriction in skin and visceral organs ```
87
Glucocorticoids are secreted by the
Adrenal Cortex
88
Effect of Glucocorticoids
Secreted during times of stress increases the use of fat and amino acids for energy Anti-inflammatory
89
Mineralocorticoids are secreted by
Adrenal Cortex
90
Target of Mineralocorticoids
kidney
91
Effect of Mineralocorticoids
Increases reabsorption of Na+ | Promotes excretion of K+
92
Mineralocorticoids are important for
Fluid, electrolyte, and pH balance
93
Hypo secretion of Adrenal Cortex causes
Addisons disease
94
Hyper secretion of Adrenal Cortex causes
Cushings syndrome
95
Insulin facilitates
diffusion of glucose across the cell membrane
96
Glucagon causes
Liver to convert glycogen to glucose
97
Estrogen helps
Growth of endometrium | Secondary Sex characteristics
98
Progesterone helps
growth of endometrium
99
Melatonin is secreted by
Pineal Gland
100
Effect of Melatonin is
stimulate onset of sleep
101
Serotonin is secreted by
Pineal Gland
102
Effect of Serotonin is
helps regulation of mood
103
More Serotonin is produced when there is more
light
104
Thymosin is secreted by the
Thymus Gland
105
Effect of Thymosin
promotes proliferation and maturation of T lymphocytes
106
Renin is secreted by
Kidney
107
Effect of Renin
produced in response to low B/P | Converts Angiotensin to Angiotensin 1
108
Erythropoietin is secreted by the
Kidney
109
Effect of Erythropoietin
Produced in response to tissue hypoxia
110
The two gonadotropic hormones are
LH, FSH
111
Cortisol and Aldosterone come from
Adrenal Cortex
112
Effect of Cortisol
Anti-inflammatory, helps with physiological stress
113
Sympathetic hormones are described as
Fight or Flight
114
Glycogen is
Short term storage of glucose
115
Thymosis helps
Mature T Lymphocytes

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