Module 2: Ch. 7 Flashcards
(90 cards)
0
Q
amputat/o
A
to cut through
1
Q
agon/o
A
agony, a contest
2
Q
brach/i
A
arm
3
Q
cleid/o
A
clavicle
4
Q
clon/o
A
turmoil
5
Q
duct/o
A
to lead
6
Q
dactyl/o
A
finger or toe
7
Q
dermat/o
A
skin
8
Q
fasci/o
A
a band
9
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber
10
Q
is/o
A
equal
11
Q
metr/o
A
to measure
12
Q
muscul/o
A
muscle
13
Q
my/o
A
muscle
14
Q
neur/o
A
nerve
15
Q
path/o
A
disease
16
Q
prosth/e
A
an addition
17
Q
rhabd/o
A
rod
18
Q
rotat/o
A
to turn
19
Q
sarc/o
A
flesh
20
Q
scler/o
A
hardening
21
Q
stern/o
A
sternum
22
Q
synov/o
A
synovial
23
Q
ten/o
A
tendon
24
therm/o
hot, heat
25
ton/o
tone, tension
26
tors/o
twisted
27
tort/i
twisted
28
troph/o
a turning
29
volunt/o
will
30
What are the three basic types of muscles in the body?
- skeletal muscle
- smooth muscle
- cardiac muscle
31
skeletal muscles
also known as VOLUNTARY or STRIATED muscles, these muscles are controlled by the conscious part of the brain and attach to the bones
32
How many skeletal muscles are in the human body?
there are over 600 skeletal muscles in the body
33
contractility
allows muscles to change shape to become shorter and thicker
34
extensibility
allows living muscle cells to be stretched and extended, becoming longer and thinner
35
excitability
when muscles receive and respond to stimulation
36
elasticity
when a living muscle cell returns to its original shape after the stretching force is removed
37
three different parts of the muscle
- body (main portion)
- origin
- insertion
38
tendon
band of fibrous connective tissue serving for the attachment of muscles to bones
39
aponeurosis
a strong, flat sheet of fibrous connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone or as fascia to bind muscles together or to other tissues at their origin or insertion
40
antagonist muscle
muscle that counteracts the action of another muscle; when one contracts the other relaxes
41
agonist muscle
| prime mover
muscle that is primary in a given movement; the movement is produced by its contraction
42
synergist muscle
muscle that acts with another muscle to produce and assist movement
43
smooth muscle
also called involuntary, visceral,or unstriated; they are not controlled by the conscious part of the brain; they are under the control of the autonomic nervous system and,in most cases, produce relatively slow contraction with a greater degree extensibility
44
cardiac muscle
it is involuntary but striated in appearance; it is under the control of the autonomic nervous system and has specialized neuromuscular tissue located within the right atrium
45
myocardium
the muscle of the heart
46
pacemaker cells
the cells that produce the stimulation for contraction without nervous input
47
What are the primary functions of muscles?
1. Muscles are responsible for movement.
2. Through a process known as TONICITY, muscles help to maintain posture through a continual partial contraction of skeletal muscles.
3. Muscles help to produce heat through the chemical changes involved in muscular action.
48
amputation
amputat -ion
to cut through = process
surgical or traumatic removal of a limb, part, or other appendage
49
ataxia
a- -taxia
lack of = order
lack of muscular coordination; an inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some nervous disorders
50
atonic
a- ton -ic
lack of = tone = pertaining to
pertaining to a lack of normal tone or tension; the lack of normal muscle tone
51
atrophy
a- -trophy
lack of = nourishment
wasting of muscular tissue that may be caused by lack of use or lack of nerve stimulation of the muscle
52
bradykinesia
brady- -kinesia
slow = motion
slowness of motion or movement
53
clonic
clon -ic
turmoil = pertaining to
pertaining to alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles
54
dactylospasm
dactyl/o -spasm
finger or toe = tension spasm
medical term for cramp of a finger or toe
55
dystonia
dys- troph -in
difficult = a turning = chemical
condition of impaired muscle tone
56
dystrophy
dys- -trophy
difficult = nourishment
any condition of abnormal development caused by defective nourishment, often noted by the degeneration of muscles
57
fascia
fasc -ia
a band = condition
thin layer of connective tissue covering, supporting, or connecting the muscles or inner organs of the body
58
fatigue
state of tiredness occurring in a muscle as a result of repeated contractions
59
fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)
fibr/o my -algia
fiber = muscle = pain
disorder with chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue; other symptoms include sleep disorders, irritable bowel syndrome,depression, and chronic headaches
60
First Aid Treatment
the provision of initial care for an injury or illness
61
flaccid
lacking muscle tone; weak, soft, and flabby
62
insertion
in- sert -ion
into = to gain = process
point of attachment of a muscle to the part that it moves
63
intramuscular (IM)
intra- muscul -ar
within = muscle = pertaining to
pertaining to within a muscle, such as an IM injection
64
massage
kneading that applies pressure and friction to external body tissues
65
muscular dystrophy (MD)
refers to a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles that control movement
66
myalgia
my -algia
muscle = pain
pain in the muscle
67
myasthenia gravis (MG)
my -asthenia gravis
muscle = weakness = grave
chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body
68
myoblast
my/o -blast
muscle = immature cell
embryonic cell that develops into a cell of muscle fiber
69
polyplegia
poly- -plegia
many = stroke, paralysis
paralysis affecting many muscles
70
position
bodily posture or attitude; the manner in which a patient's body may be arranged for examination
71
prosthesis
prosth/e -sis
an addition = condition
artificial device used to replace an organ or body part; such as hand, arm, leg, or hip
72
rheumatism
rheumat -ism
discharge = condition
General term used to describe conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and pain in joints
73
rigor mortis
stiffness of skeletal muscles seen in death; develops between the 4th and 24th hour after death, then ceases
74
strain
excessive, forcible stretching of a muscle or the musculotendinous unit
75
tonic
ton -ic
tone, tension = pertaining to
pertaining to tone, especially muscular tension
76
torticollis
tort/I -collis
twisted = neck
stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck; wryneck
77
AE
above elbow
78
AK
above knee
79
BE
below elbow
80
BK
below knee
81
DTRs
deep tendon reflexes
82
FMS
fibromyalgia syndrome
83
FROM
full range of motion
84
MG
myasthenia gravis
85
MS
musculoskeletal
86
ROM
range of motion
87
sh
shoulder
88
SOB
shortness of breath
89
TBW
total body weight
