Module 3: Ch. 8 Flashcards

Question

gastr/o

Answer 1

sweet, sugar

Answer 2

vein liable to bleed

Answer 3

anus and rectum

Answer 4

pylorus, gatekeeper

Answer 5

saliva, salivary

Answer 6

the whole passage way along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus; includes esophagus, stomach, and intestines

Answer 7

the system of organs which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste; also referred to as the alimentary canal

Answer 8

the process by which food is changed in the mouth, stomach, and intestines by chemical, mechanical, and physical action, so that the body can absorb it

Answer 9

the process by which nutrient material is taken into the bloodstream or lymph and travels to all cells of the body

Answer 10

the process whereby the solid waste (end) products of digestion are excreted

Answer 11

mechanically breaks food apart by the action of the teeth; moistens and lubricates food with saliva

Answer 12

used and mastication (chewing)

Answer 13

secrete saliva to moisten and lubricate food

Answer 14

common passageway for both respiration and digestion; muscular constrictions move the swallowed bolus into the esophagus

Answer 15

a muscular tube about 10 inches long that leads from the pharynx to the stomach

Answer 16

digestion and absorption take place chiefly in the small intestine; nutrients are absorbed and transferred to body cells by the circulatory system; it's about 21 feet long and 1 inch and diameter; it's divided into three parts the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum

Answer 17

reabsorbs water from the fecal material, stores, and then eliminates waste from the body via the rectum and anus; it's about 5 feet long and 2 1/2 inches in diameter; it's divided into the cecum, the colon, the rectum, and the anal canal

Answer 18

body tissue or an organ that waste away; typically due to the degeneration of cells

Answer 19

gums of the oral cavity

Answer 20

membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the base of the mouth; prevents extreme movement of the tongue

Answer 21

it is made of skeletal muscle and is covered with mucous membrane; it manipulates food during chewing and assists in swallowing

Answer 22

the blunt, rear portion of the tongue

Answer 23

elevations located on the surface of the tongue

Answer 24

nerve endings on the tongue that provide the sense of taste

Answer 25

temporary, or baby teeth (20 teeth in this set); referred to as milk teeth

Answer 26

the secondary dentition teeth after the shedding of deciduous teeth; set consists of 32 teeth

Answer 27

a sharp-edged tooth in the front of the mouth, adapted for cutting food; there are four incisors in the jaw

Answer 28

A tooth with a single point; they are larger and stronger than the incisors

Answer 29

it's situated between the molar and cuspid teeth; normally an adult has eight total

Answer 30

the largest of the permanent set, and their broad crowns are adapted for grinding and pounding food; normally there are 12 total (wisdom teeth included)

Answer 31

1) crown - projects above the gumline 2) neck - the constricted portion just below the crown and above the root 3) root - the bottom-most portion of the tooth, it's embedded in the alveolus

Answer 32

contains the dental pulp, a loose connective tissue richly supplied with vessels and nerves that enter the cavity through the small aperture at the point of each root

Answer 33

a narrow tunnel located at the base of the tooth , that contains blood vessels and nerves that reach the pulp cavity

Answer 34

the opening of the pulp canal in the root of the tooth

Answer 35

consist of collagen fibers that extend from the dentin of the route to the bone of the alveolus, creating a strong articulation which binds the teeth to bony sockets in the maxillary bone and mandible

Answer 36

the bony socket for the root of a tooth

Answer 37

a thin layer of bone that covers the dentin of the root, providing protection and firmly anchoring the periodontal ligament

Answer 38

consisted in the solid portion of the tooth; it forms the bulk of the tooth

Answer 39

covers the exposed part of the crown and is the hardest and most compact part of a tooth

Answer 40

the shallow groove that surrounds the neck of each tooth

Answer 41

a musculomembranous tube extending from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertebra where it becomes continuous with the esophagus

Answer 42

the upper portion, above the soft palate

Answer 43

the middle portion, lies between the palate and the hyoid bone and has an opening to the oral cavity

Answer 44

a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe

Answer 45

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward

Answer 46

referred to as the voice box

Answer 47

the upper region of the stomach

Answer 48

the lower region of the stomach

Answer 49

the lowest portion, is below the hyoid bone and opens inferiorly to the larynx anteriorly and the esophagus posteriorly

Answer 50

the first 12 inches of the small intestine, just beyond the stomach

Answer 51

the next 8 feet of the small intestine, after the duodenum

Answer 52

the remaining 12 feet of the small intestinal tube, after the duodenum and jejunum

Answer 53

reduces food to a digestible state; converts the food to a semiliquid state called chyme

Answer 54

a pouch-like structure forming the beginning of the large intestine; it is about 3 inches long and has the appendix attached to it

Answer 55

it makes up the bulk of the large intestine and is divided into the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon

Answer 56

the final portion of the large intestine, leading to the anus

Answer 57

the terminal portion of the digestive tract

Answer 58

a tube-shaped sac attached to the lower end of the large intestine

Answer 59

they secrete saliva in response to the sight, smell, taste, or mental image of food

Answer 60

composed of 98% water while the other 2% consists of other compounds such as electrolytes, mucus, antibacterial compounds, and various enzymes that help start the process of digestion

Answer 61

special salivary glands that are located on either side of the face, slightly below the ear

Answer 62

special salivary gland located in the floor of the mouth

Answer 63

special salivary gland located below the tongue

Answer 64

the largest glandular organ in the body, it weighs about 3 1/2 pounds and is located in the upper right part of the abdomen; it plays an essential role in the normal metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Answer 65

the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism

Answer 66

the breakdown of complex molecules to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism

Answer 67

digestive juices that help breakdown large fat globules into smaller particles

Answer 68

a soluble protein present in blood plasma, from which fibrin is produced by the action of the enzyme thrombin

Answer 69

a protein present in blood plasma that is converted into active thrombin during coagulation

Answer 70

a compound occurring in the liver and other tissues that inhibits blood coagulation

Answer 71

proteins present in blood plasma

Answer 72

a membranous sac attached to the liver in which excess bile is stored and concentrated

Answer 73

a large, elongated gland situated behind the stomach and secreting pancreatic juice into the small intestine; it's 6 to 9 inches long and contains cells that produce digestive enzymes

Answer 74

a substance that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction

Answer 75

an- -orexia lack of = appetite lack of appetite, decreased desire for food

Answer 76

append -ectomy appendix = surgical excision surgical excision of the appendix

Answer 77

appendic -itis appendix = inflammation inflammation of the appendix

Answer 78

orange-colored bile pigment produced by the separation of hemoglobin into parts that are excreted by the liver cells

Answer 79

condition in which the tongue is covered by hair-like papillae entangled with threads produced by Candida albicans fungi

Answer 80

bucc -al cheek = pertaining to literally means pertaining to the cheek; relating to the cheek or mouth

Answer 81

celi -ac abdomen = pertaining to pertaining to the abdomen

Answer 82

cheil -osis lip = condition abnormal condition of the lip as seen in riboflavin and other B-complex deficiencies

Answer 83

chol/e cyst -ectomy gall, bile = bladder = surgical excision surgical excision of the gallbladder

Answer 84

chol/e cyst -itis gall, bile = bladder = inflammation inflammation of the gallbladder

Answer 85

milky fluid of intestinal digestion composed of lymph and emulsified fats

Answer 86

cirrh -osis orange-yellow = condition chronic degenerative liver disease characterized by changes in the lobes

Answer 87

chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the G.I. tract but most commonly occurs in the ileum

Answer 88

defecat -ion to removed dregs = process evacuation of the bowel

Answer 89

act or process of swallowing

Answer 90

dent -algia tooth = pain, ache pain in a tooth; toothache

Answer 91

dent -ist tooth = one who specializes one who specializes in dentistry

Answer 92

dia- -rrhea through = flow frequent passage of unformed watery stools

Answer 93

process by which food is changed in the mouth, stomach, and intestines by chemical, mechanical, and physical action so that it can be absorbed by the body

Answer 94

dys- enter -y difficult = intestine = pertaining to an intestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane

Answer 95

dys- -pepsia difficult = to digest difficulty in digestion; indigestion

Answer 96

dys- -phagia difficult = to eat, to swallow difficulty in swallowing

Answer 97

eme -sis to vomit = condition vomiting

Answer 98

enter -ic small intestine = pertaining to pertaining to the small intestine

Answer 99

enter -itis small intestine = inflammation inflammation of the small intestine

Answer 100

eructat -ion a breaking out = process belching

Answer 101

body waste discharged from the bowel by way of the anus

Answer 102

literally means a blowing in Latin; the expelling of gas from the anus

Answer 103

condition that occurs when the muscle between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, is weak or relaxes inappropriately, allowing the stomach's contents to back up (reflux) into the esophagus

Answer 104

to feed liquid or semiliquid food via a tube (stomach or nasogastric)

Answer 105

gingiv -itis gums = inflammation inflammation of the gums

Answer 106

halit -osis breath = condition bad breath

Answer 107

hemat -emesis blood = vomiting vomiting of blood

Answer 108

passage of stools that contain red blood

Answer 109

hemorrh -oid vein liable to bleed = resemble mass of dilated, tortuous veins in the anorectum; can be internal or external

Answer 110

hepat -itis liver = inflammation inflammation of the liver

Answer 111

abnormal protrusion of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the body cavity that normally contains it

Answer 112

hyper- -emesis excessive = vomiting excessive vomiting

Answer 113

disorder that interferes with the normal functions of the large intestine (colon)

Answer 114

labi -al lip = pertaining to pertaining to the lip

Answer 115

to wash out a cavity; gastric lavage is used to remove or dilute gastric contents in cases of acute poisoning or ingestion of a caustic substance

Answer 116

masticat -ion to chew = process chewing; the physical breaking up of food and mixing with saliva in the mouth

Answer 117

uncomfortable feeling of the inclination to vomit

Answer 118

inflammation and degeneration of the gums and surrounding bone, which frequently causes loss of the teeth

Answer 119

post- prand/i -al after = meal = pertaining to pertaining to after a meal

Answer 120

physician who specializes in the study of the anus and rectum

Answer 121

stomat -itis mouth = inflammation inflammation of the mouth

Answer 122

open lesion or sore of the epidermis or mucous membrane

Answer 123

disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine

Answer 124

to eject stomach contents from the mouth

Answer 125

before meals (ante cibum)

Answer 126

barium enema

Answer 127

bowel movement

Answer 128

bathroom privileges

Answer 129

carbohydrate

Answer 130

chronic ulcerative colitis

Answer 131

gallbladder

Answer 132

gastrointestinal

Answer 133

glucose tolerance test

Answer 134

irritable bowel syndrome

Answer 135

nasogastric (tube)

Answer 136

nothing by mouth

Answer 137

nausea and vomiting

Answer 138

after meals (post cibum)

Answer 139

postprandial (after meals)

Answer 140

peptic ulcer disease

Answer 141

recommended dietary or daily allowance

Answer 142

upper gastrointestinal

Module 3: Ch. 8 Flashcards

(190 cards)