Module 2 Section 3 - Genes and Protein Syntheisis

Question 1

What is a gene

Answer 1

A sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a polypeptide

Question 2

Different proteins….

Answer 2

Have different number and order of amino acids

Question 3

What determines the order of the amino acids in a particular protein

Answer 3

The order of the nucleotide bases in a gene

Question 4

Each amino acids is coded for….

Answer 4

A sequence of three bases (triplet) in a gene

Question 5

DNA contain genes which are….

Answer 5

Instructions for making proteins

Question 6

The sequences of bases in a section of DNA ….

Answer 6

is a template that’s used to make proteins during protein synthesis

Question 7

DNA is copied into what for protein synthesis

Answer 7

RNA

Question 8

Where are DNA molecules found

Answer 8

In the nucleus

Question 9

Where are the organelles that make proteins found

Answer 9

The ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm

Question 10

Why can’t DNA be moved out of the nucleus

Answer 10

Because it is too large

Question 11

DNA is too large to move out the nucleus so…..

Answer 11

A section is copied into mRNA - this is called transcription

Question 12

After copying a section of DNA, what does the mRNA do

Answer 12

It leaves the nucleus and joins with a ribosome on the cytoplasm where it is used to synthesise protein - this is called translation

Question 13

What are the three types of RNA

Answer 13

mRNA (Messenger RNA)
tRNA (Transfer RNA)
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

Question 14

RNA is a single….

Answer 14

Polynucleotide strand

Question 15

RNA contains what as a base instead of thymine

Answer 15

Uracil

Question 16

Where is mRNA made

Answer 16

In the nucleus

Question 17

What is the structure of mRNA

Answer 17

three adjacent bases called a codon

Question 18

What is the function of mRNA

Answer 18

it carries the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it is used to make a protein during translation

Question 19

Where is tRNA found

Answer 19

Cytoplasm

Question 20

What is the structure of tRNA

Answer 20

it has an amino acid binding site at one end and a sequence of 3 bases at the other end (anticodon)

Question 21

What is the function of tRNA

Answer 21

It carries the amino acids that are used to make proteins to the ribosomes during translation

Question 22

What does rRNA form

Answer 22

Forms the two subunits in a ribosomes (along with proteins)

Question 23

How does rRNA work

Answer 23

The ribosomes move along the mRNA strand during protein synthesis. The rRNA in the ribosome helps to catalyse the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Question 24

What is the genetic code

Answer 24

The sequence of base triplets (codons) in DNA or mRNA which codes for specific amino acids

Question 25

The genetic code is…

Answer 25

non-overlapping degenerate universal

Question 26

What is meaning by genetic code being non-overlapping

Answer 26

The base triplets don’t share their bases

Question 27

What is meant by the genetic code is degenerate

Answer 27

Means there are more possible combinations of triplets than there are amino acids (some amino acids can be coded for more than one base triplet)

Question 28

What is a start and stop codon

Answer 28

Some triplets are used to tell the cell when to start and stop production of the protein (found at beginning and end of gene)

Question 29

What is meant by the genetic code being universal

Answer 29

The same specific base triplets code for the same amino acids in all living things (UAU codes for tyrosine in all organisms)