Module 2 Section 4 - Action of Enzymes Flashcards
What do enzymes do
They speed up chemical reactions by acting as biological catalyst
Enzymes are ……
Biological catalysts
What is an example of enzymes being used at a cellular level
Respiration
What is an example of enzymes being used for organisms as a whole
Digestion in mammals
What do enzymes affect
Structures in an organism
Functions of an organism
Enzyme action can be ….
Intracellular and extracellular
What does intracellular mean
Within cells
What does extracellular mean
Outside cells
What is the toxic by product of many cellular reactions
Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
What happens if hydrogen peroxide is left to build up
It kills cells
What is the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of H2O2
Catalase, hydrogen peroxide to harmless oxygen and water
Give an example of an intracellular enzyme
Catalase
Give an example of extracellular enzyme
Amylase and Trypsin
Where does catalase work
Inside the cell (intracellular)
Where does amylase and trypsin work
Outside cells (extracellular) in the digestive system
Where is amylase found
Saliva (secreted to the mouth by salivary glands)
What does amylase catalyse
The hydrolysis of starch to maltose (a sugar) in the mouth
What does trypsin catalyse
The hydrolysis of peptide bonds - turns big polypeptides to smaller ones
Where is trypsin produced
Cells in pancreas
Where is trypsin secreted to
Small intestine
What type of protein are enzymes
Globular protein
Enzymes have…
An active site, which has a specific shape
What is the active site
The part of the enzyme that the substrate molecules bind to
How is the specific shape of the active site determined
By the enzymes tertiary structure
