Module 4 : Section 1 - Pathogens and Communicable Diseases

Question 1

What is a disease

Answer 1

A condition that impairs the normal functioning of an organism

Question 2

Who can get diseases

Answer 2

Plants and animals

Question 3

What organism causes a disease

Answer 3

Pathogens

Question 4

What types of pathogen are there

Answer 4

• bacteria
• fungi
• viruses
• protoctista

Question 5

What is a communicable disease

Answer 5

A disease that can be spread between organisms

Question 6

What type of pathogen causes Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 6

Bacteria

Question 7

What type of pathogen causes Bacterial meningitis

Answer 7

Bacteria

Question 8

What type of pathogen causes ring rot

Answer 8

Bacteria

Question 9

What type of pathogen causes HIV/AIDS

Answer 9

Virus

Question 10

What type of pathogen causes Influenza

Answer 10

Virus

Question 11

What type of pathogen causes tobacco mosaic virus

Answer 11

Virus

Question 12

What type of pathogen causes Black Sigatoka

Answer 12

Fungus

Question 13

What type of pathogen causes ringworm

Answer 13

Fungus

Question 14

What type of pathogen causes athletes foot

Answer 14

Fungus

Question 15

What type of pathogen causes potato/tomato late blight

Answer 15

Protoctist

Question 16

What type of pathogen causes malaria

Answer 16

Protocists

Question 17

Who does Tuberculosis affect

Answer 17

• animals
• typically humans
• cattle

Question 18

Who does Bacterial meningitis affect

Answer 18

• Humans

Question 19

Who does ring rot affect

Answer 19

• potatoes
• tomatoes

Question 20

Who does HIV/AIDS affect

Answer 20

• humans

Question 21

Who does Influenza affect

Answer 21

• animals
• humans

Question 22

Who does tobacco mosaic virus affect

Answer 22

• Plants

Question 23

Who does black Sigatoka affect

Answer 23

Banana plants

Question 24

Who does ringworm affect

Answer 24

• Cattle

Question 25

Who does athletes foot affect

Answer 25

- Humans

Question 26

Who does potato/tomato late blight affect

Answer 26

- Potatoes - Tomatoes

Question 27

Who does malaria affect

Answer 27

- animals - humans

Question 28

How can communicable diseases be transmitted

Answer 28

- Directly - Indirectly

Question 29

What is direct transmission

Answer 29

- when a disease is transmitted directly from one organism to another - can happen in several ways: - e.g. droplet infection, sexual intercourse, or touching an infection organism

Question 30

What does droplet infection refer to

Answer 30

- coughing or sneezing tiny droplets of mucus or saliva directly into someone

Question 31

Give examples of diseases being transmitted directly

Answer 31

- HIV can be transmitted directly between humans via sexual intercourse - Athletes foot can be spread via touch

Question 32

What is indirect transmission

Answer 32

- when a disease is transmitted from one organism to another via an intermediate

Question 33

Give examples of intermediates

Answer 33

- air - water - or another organism (known as a vector)

Question 34

Give examples of diseases being transmitted indirectly

Answer 34

- potato/tomato late blight is spread when spores are carried between plants first in air then water - malaria is spread between humans via mosquitos. - mosquitos act as vectors, they didn’t cause malaria themselves they just spread the protocista that causes it

Question 35

What affects disease transmission

Answer 35

- Living conditions - climate - social factors

Question 36

How do living conditions affect disease transmission

Answer 36

- the amount of people living in a certain area can increase or decrease the transmission of disease

Question 37

Give an example of how diseases transmission may be affected by living conditions

Answer 37

- TB is spread directly through droplet infection - also spread indirectly because the bacteria can remain in the air for long periods of time and infect new people - the risk of TB infection is increased when lots of people live crowded together in a small space

Question 38

Give examples of how social factors affect the transmission of disease

Answer 38

The risk of HIV infection is high in places where there’s limited access to: - good healthcare, people less likely to be diagnosed and treated, most effective drug likely isn’t available, so the virus is more likely to be passed on to others - good health education, to inform people about how HIV is transmitted and how it can be avoided, e.g. through safe-sex practices like using condoms