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ANAT 380 > Module 2B: The Abdomen II > Flashcards

Module 2B: The Abdomen II Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal esophagus location

A

-lungs are lateral to thoracic esophagus
-abdominal esophagus is inferior to diaphragm
-thoracic esophagus is posterior to trachea

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2
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

-at distal end of esophagus
-between abdominal esophagus and stomach

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3
Q

Function of lower esophageal sphincter

A

-prevents reflux of gastric contents into esophagus

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4
Q

What type of control is lower esophageal sphincter under

A

-involuntary control

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5
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)

A

-weak or abnormal closure of lower esophageal sphincter which can result in regurgitation of stomach contents into esophagus

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6
Q

GERD symptoms

A

-chest pain
-nausea
-vomiting of refluxed contents

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7
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

-gateway of pylorus that controls movement of contents from the stomach into the duodenum

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8
Q

What type of control is the pyloric sphincter under

A

-autonomic control

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9
Q

Pyloric orifice

A

-at distal end of stomach, where stomach empties into proximal part of small intestines
-the stomach walls narrow to form this

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10
Q

Rugae of the stomach

A

-gastric folds that allow expansion

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11
Q

Blood supply of the stomach

A

-celiac trunk
-left gastro-epiploic artery
-left gastric artery
-right gastric artery
-right gastro-epiploic artery

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12
Q

Small intestine location

A

-extends from the pyloric orifice to ileocecal junction and is divided into 3 parts

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13
Q

3 parts of the small intestine

A

-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum

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14
Q

Small intestines mesentery

A

-intraperitoneal
-except for proximal part of duodenum which is retroperitoneal

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15
Q

Parts of the duodenum

A

-superior part
-descending part
-horizontal part
-ascending part

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16
Q

Superior part of the duodenum

A

-first
-duodenal cap
-the bile duct and gastroduodenal arteries pass posterior to this section

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17
Q

Decending part of the duodenum

A

-second
-runs vertically
-contains the major duodenal papilla

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18
Q

Major duodenal papilla

A

-the site where the hepatopancreatic ampulla drains into the duodenum

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19
Q

Horizontal part of the duodenum

A

-third
-passes transversely across inferior ven acava

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20
Q

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome

A

-rare condition where duodenum is compressed between aorta and superior mesenteric artery

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21
Q

Ascending part of the duodenum

A

-fourth
-passes upward and to the left of aorta
-forms duodenal flexure

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22
Q

Ligament of treitz

A

-anchors duodenal flexure to the posterior abdominal wall

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23
Q

Foregut section of duodenum blood supply

A

-gastroduodenal artery and its branch the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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24
Q

Midgut portion of duodenum blood supply

A

-inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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25
Q

Jejunum and ileum blood supply

A

-jejunal and ileal arteries

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26
Q

Meckels diverticulum

A

-outpouching of tissue in distal ileum of small intestines
-birth defect

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27
Q

Meckels diverticulum symptoms

A

-pain
-intestinal obstruction resulting in vomiting and constipation
-pain in epigastric and umbilical regions of abdomen

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28
Q

Teniae coli of large intestine

A

-3 thickened bands of longitudinal muscle

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29
Q

Haustra of large intestine

A

-segmented pouches or folds

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30
Q

Epiploic appendages of large intestine

A

-fatty tags enclosed by peritoneum

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31
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

-birth defect
-motor nerve cells are absent in the muscles of the colon
-affects motility in the colon, making it difficult to pass stool

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32
Q

The cecum

A

-where the ileum joins the large intestines

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33
Q

Cecum mesentery

A

-intraperitoneal

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34
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

-where opening of the ileum into the cecum is controlled

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35
Q

Intraperitoneal structures of the large intestines

A

-cecum
-transverse colon
-sigmoid colon

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36
Q

Retroperitoneal structures of the large intestines

A

-ascending colon
-descending colon
-rectum

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37
Q

Midgut portion of large intestine blood supply

A

-3 branches of SMA
-ileocolic artery
-right colic artery
-middle colic artery

38
Q

Hindgut portion of large intestine blood supply

A

-branches of IMA
-left colic artery
-sigmoidal arteries
-superior rectal artery

39
Q

Mesenteric artery ischemia

A

-condition resulting in occlusion of mesenteric arteries

40
Q

Mesenteric artery ischemia symptoms

A

-abdominal pain and tenderness

41
Q

Venous drainage of gastrointestinal viscera

A

-splenic vein
-superior mesenteric vein
-inferior mesenteric vein
-hepatic portal vein

42
Q

Splenic vein drainage

A

-drains the spleen, lower esophagus, and part of the stomach and pancreas

43
Q

Superior mesenteric vein location

A

-ascends through mesentery of small intestine to join splenic vein

44
Q

Inferior mesenteric vein location

A

-ascends on left to join splenic vein

45
Q

Hepatic portal vein function

A

-carries nutrient rich, deoxygenated blood from digestive tract to the liver

46
Q

What is hepatic portal vein formed from

A

-union of splenic and superior mesenteric veins

47
Q

What is the hepatic portal vein useful for

A

-detecting early signs of cirrhosis by testing pulsality

48
Q

What is the biggest internal organ

A

-liver

49
Q

What are the lobes of the liver divided by

A

-peritoneum

50
Q

What are the peritoneal recesses

A

-subphrenic recess
-hepatorenal recess

51
Q

Subphrenic recess

A

-superior extensions of peritoneal cavity between liver and diaphragm

52
Q

Hepatorenal recess

A

-deep recess in peritoneal cavity on the right side between liver and kidney

53
Q

Main blood supply of the liver

A

-portal vein
-hepatic artery proper

54
Q

Portal vein thrombosis

A

-blood clot formed in portal vein, interrupting the flow of nutrient rich blood from intestines to liver

55
Q

Portal vein thrombosis symptoms

A

-upper right abdominal pain and swelling
-fever

56
Q

Parts of the gallbladder

A

-fundus
-body

57
Q

Fundus of the gallbladder

A

-projects anteriorly from inferior border

58
Q

Body of the gallbladder

A

-projects posteriorly and narrows to the neck which is continuous with cystic duct

59
Q

Gallstones

A

-hardened deposits of bile that can form in gallbladder

60
Q

Biliary colic

A

-spasmodic pain caused by an attempt to expel a gallstone

61
Q

Cholagitis

A

-inflammatory condition of the biliary duct system, commonly caused by gallstones blocking a duct

62
Q

Cholagitis symptoms

A

-pain in upper right quadrant of abdomen
-fever
-chills
-nausea
-vomiting

63
Q

Parts of the pancreas

A

-head
-uncinate process
-body
-tail

64
Q

Head of the pancreas location

A

-sits in the concavity of duodenum on the right side of the abdominal cavity

65
Q

Uncinate process location

A

-medial projection from head

66
Q

Body of the pancreas location

A

-extends towards the left

67
Q

Tail of pancreas location

A

-abuts medial side of spleen

68
Q

Pancreatitis

A

-inflammation of the pancreas, can be caused by presence of gallstones

69
Q

Pancreatitis symptoms

A

-upper abdominal pain
-upper left quadrant pain
-fever

70
Q

Location of the spleen

A

-under left dome of diaphragm behind stomach and anterior to ribs 9,10,11

71
Q

Where is the hilum of the spleen located

A

-on medial side

72
Q

Splenomegalogy

A

-condition that occurs when the spleen becomes enlarged, which may affect other abdominal organs close to the spleen

73
Q

Splenomegalogy symptoms

A

-pain in upper left abdomen
-jaundice

74
Q

The kidneys mesentery

A

-retroperitoneal

75
Q

Which kidney is slightly lower

A

-right kidney

76
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

-kidney infection typically caused by bacterial infection of bladder
-can travel to kidney through ureters

77
Q

Pyolonephritis symptoms

A

-flank pain
-fever

78
Q

The ureters

A

-each one leaves the hilum of the kidney and descends vertically towards pelvis

79
Q

Ureter stones

A

-kidney stone that has moved from kidney into another part of urinary tract obstructing the pathway of urine from kidney into bladder

80
Q

Urinary stones symptoms

A

-flank pain
-bood in urine
-pain when urinating
-fever
-nausea
-vomiting

81
Q

The adrenal (suprarenal glands)

A

-lie on upper poles of the kidneys
-right adrenal gland
-left adrenal gland

82
Q

Suprarenal glands blood supply

A

-suprarenal arteries
-branches from inferior phrenic and renal arteries

83
Q

Adrenal gland tumour

A

-usually leads to an imbalance or overproduction of hormones

84
Q

Adrenal gland tumour symptoms

A

-excessive hair growth
-unusual acne

85
Q

Kidneys main blood supply

A

-right and left renal arteries

86
Q

Right and left renal arteries

A

-paired arteries that arise from lateral side of abdominal aorta at level L2

87
Q

Accessory renal arteries

A

-may arise from aorta above or below main renal artery and enter kidney above or below hilum

88
Q

Right and left renal veins

A

-travel anterior to renal arteries

89
Q

Nutcracker syndrome

A

-occurs when left renal vein becomes compressed between abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery
-the resulting pressure increase affects renal vein and therefore urine

90
Q

Nutcracker syndrome symptoms

A

-blood and protein in urine
-flank/abdominal pain

ANAT 380 (9 decks)

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