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ANAT 380 > Module 5: The Back and Axilla > Flashcards

Module 5: The Back and Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the sacrum

A

-sacral canal
-sacral foramina
-sacral cornua
-promontory

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2
Q

Sacral canal

A

-continuation of vertebral canal terminating at sacral hiatus

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3
Q

Sacral foramina

A

-located lateral to fused sacral bodies on both anterior and posterior surface

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4
Q

How many sacral foramina are there

A

-4

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5
Q

Sacral cornua

A

-2 bony processes that can be palpated by clinicians as an anatomical landmark

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6
Q

Promontory

A

-upper border articulates with L5 vertebral body
-it projects forwards, decreasing the anteroposterior diameter of pelvic brim

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7
Q

Why is promontory considered important in women

A

-to measure size of pelvis

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8
Q

The coccyx

A

-composed of 4 fused rudimentary coccygeal vertebrae, which articulate with sacrum superior at sacrococcygeal joint

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9
Q

What happens at coccyx when sitting

A

-small and variable amount of flexion and extension occurs at sacrococcygeal joint

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10
Q

What happens to vertebral foramina going further down column

A

-they get smaller

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11
Q

Accessory ligaments of the vertebral column

A

-ligamentum flavum
-anterior longitudinal ligament
-posterior longitudinal ligament

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12
Q

Function of accessory ligaments of vertebral column

A

-flexion and extension of back

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13
Q

Lumbar spinal stenosis

A

-narrowing of vertebral canal in lumbar region
-may be caused by extra bone and/or tissue growth in vertebral canal from calcification of ligamentum flavum

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14
Q

Lumbar spinal stenosis symptoms

A

-numbness and weakness in lower limb
-pain in lower back
-worse with weight bearing
-relieved when bending forward

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15
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the back

A

-latissimus dorsi
-trapezius
-rhomboid minor
-levator scapulae
-rhomboid major

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16
Q

Parts of the latissimus dorsi

A

-thoracolumbar fascia
-insertion point

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17
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia of latissimus dorsi

A

-made form multiple crosshatched layers of collagen, plays an important role in stabilization and load transfer

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18
Q

Insertion point of latissimus dorsi

A

-intertubucular sulcus (bicipital groove) of humerus

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19
Q

Latissimus dorsi strain

A

-can be caused by overuse

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20
Q

Who is at higher risk of latissimus dorsi strain

A

-those with poor posture

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21
Q

Latissimus dorsi strain symptoms

A

-lower back pain that radiates to scapula
-pain and discomfort with lateral flexion of back
-as well as with extension, adduction, or rotation of arm

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22
Q

Erector spinae muscles

A

-iliocostalis
-longissimus
-spinalis

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23
Q

Iliocostalis

A

-most lateral

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24
Q

Longissimus

A

-middle

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25
Q

Spinalis

A

-most medial

26
Q

Divisions of the iliocostalis muscle

A

-cervicis
-thoracis
-lumborum

27
Q

Where would pain be felt for an iliocostalis muscle strain

A

-along medial border of scapula and posterior thorx
-anterior thorax is strained muscle irritates underlying intercostal nerves
-can also be felt in the sacroiliac region

28
Q

The axilla

A

-armpit

29
Q

Axilla function

A

-passageway for major nerves and blood vessels to enter and leave upper limbs

30
Q

Borders of axilla

A

-anterior wall
-posterior wall
-medial wall
-lateral wall
-apex
-base

31
Q

Anterior wall of axilla

A

-pectoralis major

32
Q

Posterior wall of axilla

A

-subscapularis
-latissimus dorsi
-teres major

33
Q

Medial wall of axilla

A

-serratus anterior

34
Q

Lateral wall of axilla

A

-intertubercular surface of humerus

35
Q

Apex of axilla

A

-base of neck

36
Q

Base of axilla

A

-skin of armpit

37
Q

Contents of the axilla

A

-axillary lymph nodes

38
Q

Axillary lymph nodes function

A

-drain the breast

39
Q

The brachial plexus parts

A

-roots
-trunks
-divisions
-cords
-branches

40
Q

Roots of the brachial plexus

A

-ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-T1

41
Q

Trunks of the brachial plexus

A

-superior
-middle
-inferior

42
Q

Divisions of the brachial plexus

A

-each trunk branches into 6 divisions
-3 anterior and 3 posterior

43
Q

Cords of the brachial plexus

A

-after divisions enter the axilla, they combine together to form 3 cords
-named by position
-medial, lateral, and posterior

44
Q

Branches of brachial plexus

A

-musculocutaneous
-radial
-axillary
-ulnar
-median

45
Q

Musculocutanous nerve

A

-motor innervation of anterior compartment
-flexion

46
Q

Radial nerve

A

-motor innervation of posterior compartment
-extension

47
Q

Axillary nerve

A

-motor innervation to deltoid (abduction) and teres minor (lat rotation)

48
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

-motor innervation of 2 muscles of anterior compartment of forearm and most intrinsic muscles of hand

49
Q

Median nerve

A

-motor innervation of most of anterior compartment of forearm as well as 5 intrinsic muscles of hand

50
Q

Arterial supply of the upper limb

A

-subclavian artery
-axillary artery
-brachial artery
-radial and ulnar artery

51
Q

What is the clinical application of the radial pulse

A

-can check the pulse at the wrist

52
Q

Axillary artery damage symptoms

A

-bruising caused by pooling of blood under skin
-swelling/redness
-elevated temperature
-weak pulse

53
Q

Venous drainage of the upper limb

A

-radial vein
-ulnar vein
-cephalic vein
-basilic vein
-medial cubital vein
-brachial vein
-axillary vein

54
Q

Radial vein

A

-drains blood from structures of palm and lateral aspect of forearm

55
Q

Ulnar vein

A

-drains blood from deep structures of palm and medial aspect of forearm

56
Q

Cephalic vein

A

-ascends on lateral anterior forearm and arm to drain into axillary vein

57
Q

Basilic vein

A

-ascends on medial side of forearm and arm to become axillary vein

58
Q

Medial cubital vein

A

-connects basilic and cephalic veins and is often site of venipuncture for drawing blood

59
Q

Brachial vein

A

-receives blood from radial and ulnar veins and drains into axillary vein

60
Q

Axillary vein

A

-continuation of basilic vein becomes subclavian vein as it crosses lateral border of first rib

ANAT 380 (9 decks)

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