Module 2D: Histology of the GI System Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the four types of tongue papillae?
- Filiform
- Circumvallate
- Foliate
- Fungiform
Each type has unique characteristics and functions in taste and texture perception.
What is the primary function of the tongue?
Manipulate food, general sensory reception, special sensory function (taste), vital for speech.
The tongue’s structure supports its various roles in digestion and communication.
What type of epithelium covers the dorsal side of the tongue?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
This type of epithelium provides protection and contributes to the rough texture of the tongue.
What is the function of taste buds?
Sense taste.
Taste buds are specialized sensory structures that detect different taste modalities.
Which glands are classified as major salivary glands?
- Parotid
- Sublingual
- Submandibular
These glands play a crucial role in saliva production and oral health.
What is the average daily saliva production in humans?
600-1500 mL.
Saliva contains enzymes, mucus, and antibacterial properties that assist in digestion and oral hygiene.
What are the two types of secretory acini found in salivary glands?
- Serous acini
- Mucus acini
Each type of acinus produces different components of saliva.
What is the primary secretion of the parotid gland?
Thin watery secretion rich in enzymes and antibodies.
The parotid gland is exclusively composed of serous acini.
What is the structure of the esophageal epithelium?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
This structure protects against abrasion from food passage.
What is the pH level of the stomach, and why is it significant?
pH of 1.0, helps in the breakdown of proteins.
The acidic environment is crucial for enzymatic activity and digestion.
What are the five main cell types found in gastric pits?
- Mucous cells
- Stem cells
- Parietal cells
- Chief cells
- Endocrine cells
Each cell type has a specific role in gastric function and secretion.
What is the function of Brunner’s glands in the duodenum?
Secrete mucus to protect the intestinal lining and neutralize gastric acid.
These glands are essential for maintaining an optimal environment for digestive enzymes.
What are the three anatomical segments of the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
Each segment has distinct histological features and functions in digestion and absorption.
What are the primary functions of the colon?
Reabsorption of water and salt, efficient elimination of wastes.
The colon plays a critical role in maintaining fluid balance and preparing waste for excretion.
What is Glisson’s capsule?
Dense irregular collagenous tissue covering the outer surface of liver parenchyma.
This capsule provides structural support and protection to the liver.
What is the primary function of hepatocytes?
Synthesize bile and process nutrients.
Hepatocytes are the main functional cells of the liver and play a key role in metabolism.
What type of epithelium lines the gall bladder?
Simple columnar with microvilli.
This structure enhances absorption and secretion in the gall bladder.
What is the role of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?
Endocrine component that regulates blood sugar levels.
These islets produce hormones like insulin and glucagon.
What is the function of the muscularis layer in the alimentary tract?
- Inner circular layer
- Outer longitudinal layer
These muscle layers facilitate peristalsis and movement of food along the digestive tract.
What is the composition of the submucosa?
Relatively loose and rich in elastic fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics
The submucosa supports the mucosa and provides it with nutrients and elasticity.
How is the muscular layer arranged?
Arranged in longitudinal, transverse, and oblique orientations but does not form distinct layers
This arrangement allows for complex movements and contractions.
What percentage of the pancreas is made up of Islets of Langerhans?
1-2%
Islets of Langerhans are the endocrine component of the pancreas responsible for hormone secretion.
What type of glands are secretory acini in the pancreas?
Exocrine in nature
They produce digestive enzymes that are secreted into the digestive tract.
What type of gland is the pancreas classified as?
Mixed endocrine-exocrine gland
The pancreas has both endocrine functions (hormone production) and exocrine functions (enzyme secretion).
