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cell biology > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

integrin

A

major transmembrane protein allowing a cell to attach to the ECM​

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2
Q

laminin

A

extracellular adhesive/attachment
glycoprotein
cross shaped molecule with several binding domains

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3
Q

lamin

A

structural protein found in nucleus

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4
Q

collagen

A

ECM structural support, high or low as needed by tissue
most abundant protein in body

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5
Q

fibronectin

A

adhesive/attachment

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6
Q

proteoglycans

A

protein polysaccharide complexes consisting of core protein strand with polysaccharide attachments
space filling, resist compression and provide cushion
acidic (sulfate groups) bind to cations and water

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7
Q

talin

A

attaches integrin to the actin cytoskeleton
key regulator of the communication between the actin cytoskeleton and the ECM

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8
Q

vinculin

A

attaches integrin to the actin cytoskeleton
key player in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions that build a strong physical connection for transmitting forces between the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, and cell-cell connections

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9
Q

paxilin

A

protein
interact w talin and FAk
sends signals to nucleus

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10
Q

selectins

A

relys on calcium dependent binding

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11
Q

lectins

A

allows selectin to recognize a particular sugar moiety

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12
Q

focal adhesion kinase

A

groups of integrins form this contact point for adhesion

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13
Q

cadherins

A

glycoprotein that adheres cells together in the transmembrane
calcium dependent
tissue specific

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14
Q

catenins

A

alpha and beta involved in adheres junctions

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15
Q

IgCAMs

A

immunoglobulin family of cell adhesion molecules
proteins that bind to one another and some other adhesion molecules
calcium independent binding

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16
Q

plectin

A

protein that forms cross bridge with intermediate filaments for structure
Hemidesmosome

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17
Q

nexin

A

forms a bridge to link doublets (a and B tubules) together in flagella structure

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18
Q

actin

A

helical protein filament formed by polymerization of globular actin molecules

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19
Q

actinin

A
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20
Q

BP180

A

used in hemidesmosome
specialized adhesion protein

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21
Q

claudin

A

involved in tight junctions
paired with other proteins to form a barrier

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22
Q

occludin

A

tight junctions
ZO proteins adhesion proteins work with claudin on joining cell
in tissue

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23
Q

ZOs

A

cytosolic adhesion modules

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24
Q

JAMs

A

transmembrane protein used in tight jxns

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25
microfilaments
solid filaments involved in contraction
26
microtubule
rigid tubes providing internal cellular support heterodimer formed from alpha and beta tubulin, 13 heterodimer orient in circular fashion
27
cofilin
destabilize F-actin
28
profilin
appears to accelerate polymerization F-actin
29
tropomyosin
fits in grooves of actin filament during contraction to allow binding with myosin
30
troponin
control of calcium binding prevents binding when muscles fatigued, prevents actin-myosin interaction and occurs when calcium depleted in cell environment
31
Z-disk
actin and myosin can create a structural link to z-disk through anchoring structures end of sarcomere
32
titin
anchoring structure that provides structural link to actin and myosin connects to z disk and actin
33
thymosine
binds to Actin-G to keep from polymerizing G-actin
34
ActA
actin nucleating factor secreted from listeria monocytogenes
35
Arp2/3 complex
allows for actin branching in two mechanisms 1. can associate with the actin polymer and start polymerization at the side 2. can join at the ATP-Actin growing end and start a branched chain from each Arp sub-unit
36
WASp
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein activates arp 2 and 3 complex
37
dynein
retrograde- reversible on cell membrane generate force and movement on microtubules
38
kinesin
anterogade-motor protein tetrameric protein 2 heavy and 2 light chains heavy-head:contact with microtubule stalk: provide flexibility for "walking" light- small domains, provide attachment
39
dynactin
binds to dynein links motors to organelle or vesicle cargo essential for motor activity
40
kinectin
binds to kinesin anchors translation elongation factor complex
41
intermediate filament
structural support to other filaments cross bridging with plectin join end to end strongest, and tetrameric protein (no polarity b/c 2 dimers in reverse orientation)
42
ion channel
protein molecules that span across the cell membrane allowing the passage of ions from one side of the membrane to the other
43
connexon
overall junction channel junction to allow cells to share nutrients, balance ions, stress signals etc
44
connexin
protein subunit, 6 different kinds to make up connexon 4 alpha helix spanning domains
45
uniporter
facilitated diffusion, controls transport is a single molecule down a gradient (passive)
46
symporter
facilitated diffusion, transport of 2 different molecules in same direction semi active system
47
antiporter
transport of 2 different molecules downgradient movement of one is coupled by the upgradient movement of the other move in opposite directions semi active
48
hemidesmosome
disk shaped adhesion specialized circular plectin structure in ecm BP180 anchored to basal lamina
49
p120
catenin protein signal stress through this
50
desmosome
disk shaped adhesion protein involved in are a type of specialized cadherins
51
desmoglein
disk shaped adhesion proteins involved in desmosome
52
desmoplakin
protein associated with desmosome cell-cell adhesion
53
active transporter
single proteins species traveling is ligant for transporter
54
FRAP
fluorescent recovery after photo bleaching -proteins labeled with fluorescent dye, this gives a measurement of fluorescence at certain wavelength -cell is irradiated with laser to remove fluorescent properties from proteins in a localized area -area is monitored and fluorescence returns to the area as a result of lateral migration of surrounding proteins into the area.
55
hydropathy plot
predicts hydrophobicity of a short section of peptide, above certain values= most likely to be a transmembrane protein used membrane spanning proteins
56
protofilament
long row of alternating alpha and beta tubulin that is parallel to the microtubule
57
aquaporin
regulate osmotic response specialized leak channel hydrophobic residue lined channel with a constriction from an aromatic R group. Key amino acids have charge and polarity for hydrogen bonding. ​
58
lipid raft
complex structure made of cholesterol, proteins, phospholipid, and glycolipid raft ensures that protein complex working in a particular pathway are in close proximity to each other important in receptors that provide communication channels from E.C environment to messenger protein inside the cell
59
signal tranduction
function of membrane has receptors that recognize ligands and upon ligand binding send a signal to the inside of the cell
60
phosphotidyl-phosphotidylserine
4-liver 7-red blood 2-mitochondria composition of membrane
61
phosphotidylethanolamine
7 liver 18- red blood 25-mitochondria composition of membrane acts as chaperone to help membrane structures correctly fold their tertiary stuctures
62
phosphotidylcholine
24-liver 17-red blood 39-mitochondria composition of membrane, regulates membrane physical properties
63
sphingomyelin
19-liver 18-red blood 0-mitochondria
64
liposome
spherical compartments made of bilipid membranes can be used to introduce foreign DNA into cell during recombinant used to deliver otherwise insoluble chemicals into cells used as drug delivery vesicles for chemo-therapy
65
integral proteins
penetrate the lipid bilayer many are transmembrane proteins with both cytoplasmic and extracellular domains cannot be released, channel forming, single or multi spanning
66
myristilation
Myrstyl Anchor Amide link between amino and FA type of hydrocarbon chain
67
farnesylation
Farnesyl Anchor Thioether linkage with cysteine type of hydrocarbon chain
68
partition coefficient
solubility measurement of passing throughout a membrane constrained by size gasoline, wax
69
simple diffusion
passive, non assisted through the membrane high to low concentration charge gradient
70
passive diffusion
small size, high energy kinetic (gases)
71
leak channels
hole in a membrane passive diffusion protein complexes, small size, low permeation, low energy/charge
72
facilitated diffusion
passive/ transport mediated
73
glycocalyx
oligosaccharide chains protection mediate cell interaction serves as a barrier and contains cell secreted proteins which may be needed close to the cell surface
74
basal lamina
sheet like layer of proteins that provide a layer of attachment for cells surrounds muscle and fat cells provides structural support for cells it lines
75
alpha tublin
negative GTP which is nonhydrolysable and not exchangeable
76
beta tublin
positive exchange GDP for GTP to activate polymerization
77
treadmiling
polymerization at the ATP end and dissociation at the ADP end. Colifin serves enhance ATPase activity
78
tropomodulin
capping structure in sarcomere Provide anchoring or block one end to ensure polymers don’t disassemble

cell biology (5 decks)

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