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ETHICS > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ethics as a Way of Life

A

Daoism and Confucianism

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2
Q

Daoism (by _______)

A

Lao Zi

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3
Q

DAOISM.

“De” = _____ is to go with the _____ of the “DAO”.

A

VIRTUE/CHARACTER ; FLOW

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4
Q

Metaphysical force that guides everything

A

“DAO” (NATURE/ABSOLUTE PATH)

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5
Q

The Dao is said to be the METAPHSICAL NOTION of ____ and ____ that
permeates everything, yet it DOES NOT EXIST.

A

TRUTH AND REALITY

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6
Q

_____ SYMBOL for BALANCE

Yin = ______
Yang = ______

A

TAIJITU
negative ; positive

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7
Q

Wei-Wu-Wei: “Action through non-action” = _______

A

go with the flow of nature

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8
Q

Daoism recommends one to abide by _______ course of action (similar to the Filipino concept of _____ ____)

A

Nature’s ; “bahala na”

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9
Q

“A person of superior virtue is not virtuous and this is why he has virtue,
A person of inferior virtue never loses virtue, and this is why he lacks virtue.”

A

Dao-De-Jing

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10
Q

Paradox: True virtue isn’t ______; those who act _______ are virtuous.

A

BOASTED ; MODESTLY

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11
Q

Confucianism (by _______/Confucius)

A

Kong Zi

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12
Q

Confucianism.

the main predicament in life is the divide between these three realms:

A

Tian-Di-Ren (heaven, earth, man)

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13
Q

we must NOT DWELL upon matters
concerning the _______ (like the changing of seasons, which is evident in the philosophy of Daoism), NOR should we ______ OUR LIFE life with what is on the earth (materials, wealth, surroundings). This narrows down our CONCERN to _____ _____ .

A

HEAVENS ; PATTERN ; HUMANLY AFFAIRS

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14
Q

KONG ZI: how to follow the THIRD REALM. In following the Five Virtues, one becomes a _____ _____ in the
Confucian sense.

A

MORAL GENTLEMEN

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15
Q

HUMANITY and BENEVOLENCE, following the Golden Rule.

A

“REN”

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16
Q

TWO ASPECTS OF REN

A

ZHONG
SHU

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17
Q

Positive duty or doing to others what you want others to do unto you

A

ZHONG

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18
Q

negative duty or refraining from doing to others what you do not want others to do unto you

A

SHU

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19
Q

Fulfilling moral ROLES and duties in society (e.g., family and social roles) to promote ORDER

A

“YI”

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20
Q

Five basic relationships in “Yi”:

A

ruler-subject,
father-son,
husband-wife,
superior brother-inferior brother,
senior friend-younger friend.

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21
Q

PROPRIETY/Proper behavior and manners.

A

“LI”

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22
Q

YI = _____ CHARACTER
LI = ______ CHARACTER

A

INTERNALIZED ; PROJECTED

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23
Q

Sharing wisdom.

A

“ZHI”

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24
Q

= MIND & HEART.

Faithfulness and consistency in actions and words.

A

“XIN”

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25
XIN is similar to the Filipino concept _____
palabra de honor
26
FIVE VIRTUES IN CONFUCIANISM
REN YI LI ZHI XIN
27
Oldest religion in the world
HINDUISM
28
Hinduism gave birth to a younger belief system called
BUDDHISM
29
cycle of rebirth
Samsara
30
AIM. HINDUISM = reaching the end goal (return to _____) BUDDHISM = spiritual journey and release from sufferings
BRAHMAN Dukkha Nirodhagaminipratipat
31
HINDUISM = by fulfilling one's duties (______) BUDDHISM = state of enlightenment (______).
Dharma ; NIRVANA
32
HINDUISM. _____ = (Absolute being) _____ = (cycle of rebirth) _____ = (inner-self).
BRAHMAN SAMSARA ATMAN
33
hinduism. ______ (soul) seeks to escape the ILLUSION (_____) and FALSEHOOD (____).
ATMAN ; MAYA ; ACIDYA
34
PURUSHARTHAS = FOUR ENDS GUIDE LIFE:
ARTHA KAMA DHARMA MOKSHA
35
material wealth
artha
36
Pleasure and positive emotion
kama
37
duty based on one's place I society (e.g Brahman for priests)
dharma
38
FOUR primordial origin as a part of Brahman
BRAHMIN KSHATRIYA VAISHYA SHUDRA
39
destined to become LEADERS ; from Brahman’s head
BRAHMIN
40
destined to retain SOCIAL ORDER; from the arms
KSHATRIYA
41
destined to to NOURISH THE STATE ; from the thighs
VAISHYA
42
destined to SUPPORT THE STATE ; from the legs
SHUDRA
43
spiritual liberation escaping the cycle of rebirth
moksha
44
Buddhism (by ____ _____)
Siddhartha Gautama
45
BUDDHISM focuses on ending suffering through _____ _____ towards ______ (enlightenment).
MIDDLE WAY ; NIRVANA
46
BUDDHISM. Four Noble Truths:
DUKKHA DUKKHA SAMUDAYA DUKKHA NIRODHA EIGHTFOLD PATH
47
(suffering), identified through various forms: old age, sickness, death, negative emotions such as sadness, anger, jealousy, anxiety, fear. The second truth is Duk
DUKKHA
48
(origin of suffering). The reason for our suffering is our attachment to the things that cause such suffering.
DUKKHA SAMUDAYA
49
(cessation of suffering). One must therefore detach oneself from these causes of sufferings, leading to the last truth.
DUKKHA NIRODHA
50
final TRUTH ; (path towards the cessation of suffering).
DUKKHA NIRODHAGAMINIPRATIPAT (EIGHT FOLD PATH)
51
THE ENLIGHTENED ONE
BUDDHA
52
EIGHT-FOLD PATH. It consists of CULTIVATING _____ (proper view and intention), ENACTING the right _______ (proper speech, action, and livelihood), and _______ (proper concentration, mindfulness, and effort).
WISDOM ; VIRTUES ; MEDITATION
53
wearing off of heat from burning coal; it is the sensation itself when suffering slowly escapes the body.
NIRVANA
54
Nirvana is best understood NOT through WORDS but through ______.
EXPERIENCE
55
youngest monotheistic religion in the world,
ISLAM
56
the religion with the most followers to date,
CHRISTIANITY
57
monotheistic belief of the Abrahamic God.
ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY
58
PREACH. ISLAM: conscious of Allah= ______ CHRISTIANITY: loving one another= _____
TAQWA ; AGAPE
59
BELIEF. ISLAM: Jesus is a _____ sent by God and that _______ is the LAST prophet sent to mankind CHRISTIANITY: Jesus is the ______ form of God
PROPHET ; MUHAMMAD PHYSICAL
60
the religion of peace for its main teaching is submission to the one true God Allah.
ISLAM
61
(science of the human soul). refers to understanding the human soul, balancing one’s spiritual and material self.
Ilm-Al-Akhlaq
62
(spiritual self encompassing one’s nature and character,
Akhlak
63
plural form of AKHLAK
khuluq
64
Material self
khalq
65
Five Pillars of Islam guide moral life:
SHAHADA SALAH ZAKAT SAWM/SAUM HAJJ
66
Faith in one God (Allah) and Muhammad as His prophet
SHAHADA
66
Regular prayer.
SALAH
67
Pilgrimage to Mecca (if possible).
HAJJ
67
Giving to the needy.
ZAKAT
68
Fasting during Ramadan.
SAWM/SAUM
69
____ (permissible) and ____ (forbidden) guide daily life, especially in food
HALAL ; HARAM
70
(strife by peaceful means). is often misunderstood. It refers to striving in a peaceful way to spread Allah’s message.
JIHAD
71
CHRISTIANITY. Following the story of the ____ of ____ as narrated in the OLD TESTAMENT
FALL OF MAN
72
FIRST SIN central in Christian belief for it explains the reason why man must seek _______ in order to be welcomed back to God’s paradise.
FORGIVENESS
73
forgiveness is attained by following God’s _________
10 Commandments
74
two ‘new’ commandments:
love of GOD (parallel to the first three commandments), and love of NEIGHBOUR (parallel to the remaining commandments).
75
the highest form of love or ______ is the gist of Christ’s message.
AGAPE
76
DEFINITION. GREEK: AGAPE = ____ CHRISTINITY: AGAPE = _____
BROTHERHOOD ALL HUMANS ARE CHILDREN OF GOD
77
is thus the willingness to sacrifice oneself for the good one’s brothers and sisters
AGAPE
78
to live a good life one must identify one’s role alongside a greater picture, nature for the former while society for the latter.
DAOISM CONFUCIANISM
79
fulfilling one’s duty releases us from our bonds to this world thus achieving spiritual bliss.
HINDUISM
80
the end goal is not to be spiritually liberated, but to strive our best to detach ourselves from all the sufferings surrounding us.
BUDDHISM
81
obeying Allah and letting Him guide our lives result to a peaceful life
ISLAM
82

ETHICS (8 decks)

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