Quiz 1 Module 1

Question 1

quality of having EXPERIENCE, KNOWLEDGE, and good JUDGEMENT; the quality of being WISE.

Answer 1

wisdom

Question 2

wisdom refers to the _______ of an action or decision with regard to the application of experience, knowledge, and good judgment.

Answer 2

SOUNDNESS

Question 3

first to coin the word philosophy

Answer 3

Pythagoras

Question 4

philosophos = _________ __________

Answer 4

intellectual cultivator

Question 5

Philosophy studies ANYTHING and EVERYTHING that exists. It aims to know some kind of _____ behind all of things existing.

Answer 5

truth

Question 6

Traditionally, philosophy tries to answer three major questions:

Answer 6

(1) WHAT is there?,
(2) HOW do we know that which is there?, and
(3) WHY are these things in the world IMPORTANT or at least concerns us?

Question 7

three major branches of philosophy

Answer 7

METAPHYSICS
EPISTEMOLOGY
AXIOLOGY

Question 8

It tries to articulate our reasons for qualifying the EXISTENCE of beings or things.

Answer 8

metaphysics

Question 9

One traditional concern is the problem of whether we can have CERTAINTY about our beliefs or not.

Answer 9

epistemology (episteme=knowledge, logos=study of/science)

Question 10

It is the branch of philosophy where we inspect
the area of things that have VALUE and why are they worth pursuing

Answer 10

AXIOLOGY (axia=value/worth)

Question 11

two branches of axiology

Answer 11

aesthetics
ethics

Question 12

________ = perception

Answer 12

aisthetikos

Question 13

ethos = _________

Answer 13

character

Question 14

TOOL which philosophers use in ARTICULATING and PROPOSING answers to the questions

Answer 14

CORRECT REASONING

Question 15

The study of the truth and VALIDITY of our arguments, of checking the REASONABLENESS of statements is the chief concern of

Answer 15

LOGIC

Question 16

“philosophy is the study of BEING (or everything), according to its ULTIMATE EXPLANATION, in the light of REASON.”

Answer 16

Lorenz Moises Festin, PhD

Question 17

Philosophy’s subject matter is anything that exists, and it would like to know, as much as possible, the _______ truths about the things of the world. The way by which the philosopher achieves this is through the careful use of reason to produce coherent and _____.

Answer 17

FOUNDATIONAL; STRONG ARGUMENTS

Question 18

The value of philosophy is to be found in its ability to _____ the mind. It arouses the mind to ask questions which are connected to our day to day existence.

Answer 18

TICKLE

Question 19

When attempts to answer these questions ______, there is a possibility that a series of questions will be given until the questioner is satisfied with an answer. We then see the value of this shift from philosophical question to scientific one.

Answer 19

SURFACE

Question 20

“wonder is the feeling of a philosopher, and philosophy begins in wonder.”

Answer 20

SOCRATES

Question 21

PHILOSOPHER’S ATTITUDE

Answer 21

CAUSC
1. Capacity to WONDER/ to be CURIOUS
2. ACCEPTING of all angles; Broad-minded
3. UNBIASED
4. SKEPTICAL/ doubtful
5. CRITICAL THINKER

Question 22

More than the answers one can give,_____ ENRICH and BROADEN one’s perspective.

Answer 22

questions

Question 23

is the study of the underlying principles of morality

Answer 23

ethics

Question 24

Ethics aims to question WHY human conducts are considered either moral or not. In essence, Ethics aims to look for the _______ bases of MORAL EVALUATIONS.

Answer 24

fundamental

Question 25

three ways in studying Ethics

Answer 25

1. Meta-ethics 2. Normative Ethics 3. Applied Ethics

Question 26

study of the BASIC ethical CONCEPTS and principles that AID in the DISCUSSION of Ethics.

Answer 26

Meta-ethics

Question 27

this approach focuses on the study of various Ethical Frameworks or Theories that aim to guide our conduct.

Answer 27

Normative Ethics

Question 28

Applied ethics is also called as _____

Answer 28

Practical Ethics

Question 29

norma = ______ (originally means _______ or _____)

Answer 29

right; right-angle ruler or square

Question 30

application of Ethical Theories towards specific concerns such as Bioethics/Biomedical Ethics, Environmental Ethics, Cyber Ethics, Business Ethics, etc.

Answer 30

Applied Ethics

Question 31

Ethics is the subject whereas the subject matter (the specimen of sort that we discuss, examine, and question) is ________.

Answer 31

Morality

Question 32

moralis = ________; ethos = _______

Answer 32

proper conduct; character

Question 33

The FIRST SET OF RULES that dictated how things should or should not be done are referred to as ________.

Answer 33

FOLKWAYS

Question 34

From formation of these rules and sanctions for the SAKE of SOCIETAL WELFARE _______ emerged.

Answer 34

MORES

Question 35

formalized and codified Mores to easily manage its many recipients.

Answer 35

LAWS

Question 36

protect the people under it and punish those who disobey it, and at the same time the people under such are bound to respect and follow it.

Answer 36

laws

Question 37

Two basic models in making moral decisions

Answer 37

Deductive model of moral reasoning Inductive model of moral reasoning

Question 38

(1) a GENERAL RULE (Ethical Framework or Theory) that dictates what should be considered as ethical or not, proceeded by (2) a SPECIFIC EXAMPLE (particular human conduct), then concluded with (3) the EVALUATION of the example based on the rule being used.

Answer 38

DEDUCTIVE

Question 39

starts from (1) FACTS (experiences, ideas, narratives), evaluated alongside (2) relevant PRE-EXISTING BELIEFS, eventually arriving at (3) ONE'S JUDGEMENT of a particular conduct.

Answer 39

INDUCTIVE

Question 40

6 CHALLENGES IN DISCUSSING ETHICS

Answer 40

1. Moral Subjectivism 2. Moral relativism 3. Equating Morality & Religion 4. Equating Morality & Law 5. Contrasting Morality & Biology 6. Related to the former challenge, the Is -Ought Fallacy

Question 41

posits that since each individual has their own ethical point of view, it would be useless to settle disputes between clashing beliefs and rather just agree to disagree.

Answer 41

Moral Subjectivism

Question 42

as opposed to Moral Subjectivism, focuses on the differences in ethical point of view on a SOCIETAL LEVEL. In the same case with Ethical Subjectivism it would be useless to compare and contrast groups that differ in their Ethical Framework. This problem manifests more when it comes to discussing diverse cultures and religious beliefs.

Answer 42

Moral Relativism

Question 43

introduces questions such as whether morality is dependent on _____ or not and if it is possible to come-up with moral standards void of any religious aspect.

Answer 43

Equating Morality & Religion

Question 44

introduces the question whether the _____ should be the BASIS oOF MORALITY or not (Is what is legal also moral? Should all moral conducts be legalized? Is it possible to have a lawless but moral society?).

Answer 44

Equating Morality and Law

Question 45

whether moral decisions are indeed crafted by our free will or they are just accidental causes of biological adaptation brought by natural selection and other evolutionary processes.

Answer 45

Contrasting Morality & Biology

Question 46

(sometime interchanged with the Naturalistic Fallacy) introduces the problematic derivation of the prescription of an action (ought) from something that occurs naturally or something that is merely described to be happening (is). for example, some people claim that humans are naturally selfish, therefore, we ought to act selfishly since this is the case. This is a common (and unacceptable) error when the words is and ought are used within one sentence (the former is DESCRIPTIVE while the latter is PRESCRIPTIVE). However, we should keep in mind that not only is it grammatically incorrect, such statement yields no meaning.

Answer 46

Related to the former challenge, the Is -Ought Fallacy

Question 47

MORAL STANDARDS OF SOCIETY

Answer 47

Mores

Question 48

BASIC SURVIVAL INSTINCTS

Answer 48

Folkways

Question 49

CODIFICATION OF THESE MORAL STANDARDS

Answer 49

LAWS

Question 50

TENSION between SOCIETY's moral standards and an INDIVIDUAL's point of view emerges due to ______

Answer 50

differences

Question 51

role of the MORAL AGENT who, with the aid of FREEDOM and OBLIGATION, uses _______ to discover the _________ principles of morality while bearing in mind ________ in encountering various CHALLENGES in discussing Ethics.

Answer 51

REASON; UNDERLYING; CAUTION