Module 5

Question 1

the first systematic studies in Ethics dating back to Ancient Greek Period.

Answer 1

Virtue Ethics

Question 2

Introduced by ARISTOTLE in his book ______ ETHICS (said to be named after either is father or his son,
_______ ), its focus is attaining our SUPREME END which is _________ through the practice of INTELLECTUAL and MORAL virtues (with emphasis on
the latter as the MEAN BETWEEN TWO EXTREMES),

Answer 2

NICOMACHEAN ; NICOMACHUS
HAPPINESS

Question 3

VIRTUE ETHICS is sometimes called as

Answer 3

MORAL CHARACTER

Question 4

“end” / “purpose” / “goal”

Answer 4

TELOS

Question 5

3 KINDS OF TELOS

Answer 5

(IFS)
INSTRUMENTAL ENDS
FINAL ENDS
SUPREME ENDS

Question 6

those used to ATTAIN SOMETHING APPART FROM ITSELF, like money to buy goods, and goods in return to satisfy one’s hunger

Answer 6

INSTRUMENTAL ENDS

Question 7

those considered to be UNCONDITIONALLY FINAL or chosen for their OWN SAKE and nothing else

Answer 7

SUPREME ENDS

Question 8

(those found at the END of the CHAIN OF CAUSE AND EFFECT, such as satisfaction of hunger, with reference to the previous example. However, these ends CAN still be TRAMPLED BY OTHER ENDS, and when such conflict arises, the third kind emerges to settle the dispute

Answer 8

FINAL ENDS

Question 9

Our supreme end as humans is to pursue _______

Answer 9

EUDAIMONIA

Question 10

GREEK WORDS
EU = ____
DAIMON = _____

Answer 10

GOOD
SPIRIT

Question 11

Eudaimonia = ____

Answer 11

‘well-being’ / ‘human flourishing’ / ‘excellence’ / ‘happiness’

Question 12

In order to attain happiness, one must possess and practice _____

Answer 12

ARETE

Question 13

ARETE = _____

Answer 13

EXCELLENCE OR VIRTUE

Question 14

came from the ____ word Vir = ___

Answer 14

LATIN
PERFECTION OF MAN / MASCULITNITY

Question 15

virtue means ‘PERFECTION OF HUMAN’. The modern usage of virtue now is ______ or _______ of anything in order for it to pursue its END (for a knife to fulfill its goal (which is to cut and slice) or for it to become an excellent knife, it should be sharp. Hence, its virtue is SHARPNESS).

Answer 15

PERFECTION
EXCELLENCE

Question 16

Man must possess two kinds of virtues:

Answer 16

INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES
MORAL VIRTUES

Question 17

those aligned with academic excellence, pursuit of knowledge, comprehension of theoretical,
abstract, and universal ideas

Answer 17

INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES

Question 18

the character we project or act upon

Answer 18

MORAL VIRTUES

Question 19

Aristotle stated that our ACTIONS usually fall
under two categories:

Answer 19

VIRTUES AND VICES

Question 20

The things that we do are associated with our thoughts and emotions, and to have TOO MUCH or TOO LITTLE of a particular EMOTION may lead to a _______.

Answer 20

VICE

Question 21

Hence, VICES are found on TWO EXTREMES:
activities in ______ form and activities in ______ form

Answer 21

DEFICIENT
EXCESS

Question 22

VIRTUE is found on the _____ _____ (the POINT BETWEEN THESE EXTREMES).

Answer 22

GOLDEN MEAN

Question 23

The golden mean is discovered by _____ or ______ and thus one must ACQUIRE, PERFORM, and ACTUALIZE

Answer 23

PRACTICE / HABITUATION

Question 24

Some people appear to be more courageous than others because of their DIFFERENCES in terms of _____ and _____.

Answer 24

CAPABILITIES AND EXPERIENCES

Question 25

This highlights that REASON is EMPLOYED even in the domain of morality but in a different form compared to the one used in intellectual virtues.

Answer 25

PHRONESIS / PRACTICAL WISDOM

Question 26

To succumb to vices, on the other hand, is to ABANDON _______ of one’s actions

Answer 26

CONSCIOUSNESS

Question 27

being the SLAVE TO VICES makes one guilty of

Answer 27

AKRASIA

Question 28

GREEK WORDS "A" = ____ "KRASIA" ____

Answer 28

NOT/NONE POWER/WILL

Question 29

AKRASIA means incapability of _____ oneself

Answer 29

CONTROLLING

Question 30

T OR F. It is easier to mindlessly submit to vices than to consciously act.

Answer 30

T

Question 31

best of all external goods we could have

Answer 31

PHILOI

Question 32

PHILOI = _____

Answer 32

FRIENDS

Question 33

Aristotle’s famous idea, as quoted several times, that MAN IS A ‘_______ _____,’ or that socializing with others is essential for our happiness as humans

Answer 33

POLITICAL ANIMAL

Question 34

_______ is inseparable from both the practice of intellectual virtues and moral virtues.

Answer 34

REASON