Module 4 Flashcards
(42 cards)
orthopaedics
the branch of medical science concerned with the prevention or correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system
axial skeleton
skull- cranium and face
thyroid bone
auditory ossicles
vertebral column
thorax- sternum and ribs
number of bones= 80
appendicular skeleton
upper limbs- pectoral girdles- claivlcem scapula
free upper limbs- humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
lower limb- pelvic girdles- hip, pelvic, or coral bone
free lower limbs- femur, patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
number of bones= 206
parietal bones
large quadilateral bones that form the greater portion of the sides and roof of cranial cavity
the inferior border forms a beloved articular surface, while the anterior, posterior and superior borders form deeply denticulate anticualr surfaces
temporal bones
form the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor.
frontal bone
forms the forehead and most of the anterior part of the cranial floor
occipital bone
forms the posterior part and most of the base of the cranium.
when viewed from behind it appears as a platelike bone with somewhat triangular shape
inferior portion is thick, blocklike region that surrounds the junction of the brain and spinal cord
sphenoid bone
lies at the middle part of the base of the skull, it holds all other cranial bones toegther
when you view the floor of the cranium superiorly note the sphenoid articulations: anteriorly with the frontal and ethmoid bones, laterally with the temporal and parietal bones, anterolat- erally with the parietal bones, and posteriorly with the occipital
bone.
The sphenoid bone lies posterior and slightly superior to the nasal cavity and forms part of the floor, sidewalls, and rear wall of the orbit
ethmoid bone
delicate bone located in the anterior part of the cranial floor between the two orbits and is spongelike
anterior to the sphenoid bone and posterior to nasal bones
forms part of the anterior portion of the cranial floor; the thin medial wall of the orbits; the superior portion of the nasal septum, most of the superior sidewalls of the nasal cavity
maxillary bones
form upper jawbone
articulate with every bone of the face except the mandible
form part of the floors of the orbits, part of the lateral walls, and floor of the nasal cavity and most of the hard palate
zygomatic bones
cheekbones, form th provinces of the cheeks and part of the lateral wall and floor of each orbit
articulate with the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid and temporal bones
mandible
lower jawbone, largest strongest facial bone
only moveable skill bone other than auditory ossicles
skull
bony framework that contains 22 bones, rests on the superior end of the vertebral column and includes two sets of bones: cranial and facial
cranial bones
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
facial bones
nasal, maxillae, zygomatic, mandible, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae, vomer
hard palette
the bony roof of the mouth, and is formed by the palatine processes of the maxillae and hori- zontal plates of the palatine bones. The hard palate separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity.
zygomatic process,
Posteriorly, the bone forms a concave temporal surface that contributes to the temporal region of the skull and houses the tendon of the strong jaw-closing muscle called the temporalis.
mastoid process
a rounded projection of the mastoid por- tion of the temporal bone posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus that serves as a point of attachment for several neck muscles
stylomastoid foramen
through which the facial (VII) nerve and stylomastoid artery pass
occipital condyles
are two oval processes with convex surfaces, one on either side of the foramen magnum.
They articulate with depressions on the first cer- vical vertebra (atlas) to form the atlanto-occipital joints.
cribriform plate
The olfactory epithelium occupies the superior part of the nasal cavity, cov- ering the inferior surface of the cribriform plate and extending down along the superior nasal concha.
Bundles of axons of olfactory receptors extend
Olfactory nerve.
through about 20 olfactory foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone on each side of the nose.
temporal process
Together, the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone form the zygomatic arch.
coronoid process
is an anterior projec- tion distal to a large notch, the trochlear notch. This notch, on the anterior side of the olecranon, receives the trochlea of the humerus to form part of the elbow joint
body of vertebrae
forms the anterior block like mass of the bone
all adjacent vertebral columns in a row create the column like axis of the skeleton
serve as main weight bearing component
cartalinigous vertebral discs lie between adjacent vertebral bodies
superior and inferior surfaces are roughed for attachment
