Module 4 Flashcards by Jessie Trusty

Type I hypersensitivity

Allergic reactions

Classic allergic responses to inhaled allergens and food

Allergic responses to insect stings and drugs

Anaphylactic shock

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Proteins prouced by one bacterial species that kill other bacterial species

Bacteriocins

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Substances that stimulate the production of fever

Pyrogen

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Predominates in blood

T cells

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Members of the clone that do not become plasma cells and some of the activated T cells remain in the body as

Memory cell

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Takes 10-14 days for antibody production

Plasma cells die off as antigen is used up

Primary response

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Efficient phagocytes

Neutrophils

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Five granulocytes

Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Monocytes/macrophages 
Lymphocytes

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Leukocytes that produce antibodies

B cell

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Increased in number during allergies and helminth infection

Eosinophils

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Type III immune complex reactions

Serum sickness

Some autoimmune diseases

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Antibody secreting cell produced by a stimulated B cell

Plasma cell

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Efficient clean up phagocytes

Monocytes/macrophages

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Stimulated by second exposure to antigen

Plasma cells are capable of secreting antibodies immediately

Memory cells can secrete antibodies when stimulated later

Secondary response

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Process of weakening pathogens

Live vaccine

Attenuated

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Antibodies that neutralize toxins

Antitoxins

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Made from pathogens that have been killed by heat or chemicals

Killed vaccines

Inactivated

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Contain histamine

Involved in allergic and inflammatory response

Basophils

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Type II Cytotoxic reactions

Blood transfusion incompatibility

Rh factor incompatibility

Myasthenia gravis

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An exotoxin that has been inactivated by heat or chemicals

Can be injected safely to stimulate the production of antibodies that are capable of neutralizing the exotoxins of pathogens such as those that cause tetanus, botulism and diphtheria

Toxoids

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Foreign substances that stimulate the production of specific anti bodies

Antigen

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Involved in immune system

 B cells
  T cells

Lymphocytes

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Type IV delayed hypersensitivity or cell mediated immune reactions

TB and other skin tests

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Mild form of psychological dependence on a drug

Drug habituation

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Intradermal

Slow absorption

Harmful effects of a drug on an organism or tissue

Drug toxicity

Oral

Slow absorption

Study of the absorption distribution Biotransformation and excretion of drugs

Pharmacokinetics

Sublingual

Rapidly absorbed

Subcateneous

Absorbs slowly

Drug is converted to a less active form

Biotransformation

When one drug increases the action of another

Potentiating effect

Serum containing antibodies that neutralize toxins

Antiserum

Beneficial or harmful interaction of one drug with another drug

Drug interaction

Itching of the skin with or without a rash

Pruritus

Edema due to increased permeability of the blood capillaries

Angioedema

Intravenous

Rapid absorption

Excessive watery discharge from the nose

Rhinitis

Inability to keep the intake of a drug or substance under control

Drug dependence

Mechanism of drug action and the relationships between drug concentration and responses in the body

Pharmacodynamics

Process of creating the most accurate list possible of all medications a patient is taking

Medication reconciliation

Oral medication contraindicated in pts who

``` Are vomiting NPO Gastric suctioning Unconscious Unable to swallow ```

Buccal

Rapidly absorbed

Found on the surface of the walls of the intestines and airway in the mucous secretions

IgA

Host defenses mechanisms-ways in which the body protects itself from pathogens- can be thought of as an army consisting of how many lines of defense

Three

Which of the following is not part of the body's first line of defense

Fever

Each of the following is considered a part of the body's second line of defense except

Lysozyme

Which of the following is not a consequence of activation of the complement system

Repair of damaged tissue

Each of the following is a primary purpose of the inflammatory response except

To stimulate the production of opsonins

Which of the following cells is a granulocyte

Eosinophil

Exists in a person who exhibits an unusually low physiological response to a drug and who requires increases in the dosage to maintain a given therapeutic effect

Drug tolerance

Rectal

Slow absorption

Intramuscular

Rapidly absorbed

All of the following would be considered an aspect of microbial antagonism except

Production of lysozyme

Which of the following function as opsonins A. Antibodies B. Antigens C. Complement fragments D. Both A and C

Both A and C

Which of the following statements about interferons is false

Interferons are virus specific

Which of the following is not one of the four Cardinal signs or symptoms of inflammation

Loss of function

Of the following which is least likely to be involved in CMI

Antibodies

Antibodies are secreted by

Plasma cells

Humoral immunity involves all of the following except

NK cells

Immunity that develops as a result of an actual infection is called

Natural active acquired immunity

Artificial passive acquired immunity would result from

Receiving a gamma globulin injection

The vaccines that are used to protect people from diphtheria and tetanus are

Toxoids

Natural passive acquired immunity would result from

Ingesting colostrum

Which of the following statements about IgM is false

IgM is a long lived molecule

Which of the following could be an effect of type III hypersensitivity A. Glomerulonephritis B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. SLE D. All of the above

All of the above

Most likely, immunology got its start in 1890 when theses scientists discovered antibodies while developing a diphtheria antitoxin

Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin

Module 4 Flashcards

(67 cards)