Skills Test 3 Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
Sanguineous
A
Large amounts of red blood cells
2
Q
Full thickness skin loss involving damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to but not through underlying fascia
A
Stage III
3
Q
Renewal of tissues
A
Regeneration
4
Q
Risk factors for pressure ulcers
A
Friction and sheering Immobility Inadequate nutrition Incontinence Decreased mental status Diminished sensation Excessive body heat Advanced age Chronic medical conditions
5
Q
Full thickness skin or tissue loss depth unknown
A
Unstageable
6
Q
Tissue surfaces have been approximated (closed) and there is minimal or no tissue loss
A
Primary intention healing
7
Q
Non blanch able erythema signaling potential ulceration
A
Stage I
8
Q
Secondary intention healing
A
Pressure ulcer
Repair time is longer
Scarring is greater
Susceptibility to infection is greater
9
Q
Wound left open 3-5 days to allow edema or infection to resolve then closed with sutures or staples
A
Tertiary intention
10
Q
Most commonly used dressing on a wound. Permits air to circulate
A
Gauze
11
Q
Begins immediately after injury and lasts 3-6 days
A
Inflammatory phase
12
Q
Results from vasoconstriction of the larger blood vessels in the affected area
A
Hemostasis
13
Q
Cell migration
A
Leukocytes ( specifically neutrophils) move into the interstitial space
14
Q
Phagocytosis
A
Macrophages engulf microorganisms and cellular debris
15
Q
Serous fluid
A
Serum
16
Q
Ex- closed surgical incision or liquid glue on a laceration
A
Primary intention healing
17
Q
Pressure ulcers are due to what
A
Localized ischemia
18
Q
Complications of wound healing
A
Hemorrhage
Infection
Dehiscence
Evisceration
19
Q
Factors affecting wound healing
A
Developmental consideration
Nutrition
Lifestyle
Medications
20
Q
Preventing pressure ulcers
A
Provide nutrition
Maintain skin hygiene
Avoid skin trauma
Provide supporting devices
21
Q
Strip of cloth used to wrap some part of the body
A
Bandage
22
Q
Elasticized bandages
A
Provide pressure to the area
23
Q
Binders
A
Type of bandage designed for a specific body part
24
Q
Purulent
A
Pus
25
Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis and possibly the dermis
Stage II
26
Full thickness skin loss with tissue necrosis or damage to muscle,bone or supporting structures.
Stage IV
27
Maturation phase
About day 21 and can extend 1-2 years
Wound is remodeled and contracted
Scar becomes stronger but the repaired area is never as strong as the original tissue
28
Sitz bath
Used to soak a patients perineal or rectal area
29
Teds
Used to facilitate venous return from the lower extremities
Prevent venous stasis and DVT
Reduce peripheral edema
30
Sutures
Thread used to see body tissues together
31
Pulmonary embolism
Clot formed elsewhere that travelled to the lung
32
Control severe bleeding by
Applying direct pressure over the wound
Elevating the involved extremity
33
Prevent infection in a wound by
Cleaning or flushing abrasions or lacerations with normal saline
Cover the wound with a clean dressing
34
Control swelling of a wound by
Applying ice over the wound and surrounding tissues
35
Signs of shock In a patient
Rapid thready pulse
Cold clammy skin
Pallor
Lowered blood pressure
36
Size of needle and syringe needed to irrigate a wound
18-19 gauge
| 30-60mL
37
Heat
```
Vasodilation
Increases capillary permeability
Increase cellular metabolism
Increases inflammation
Sedative effect
```
38
Most common type of contaminant of blood cultures
Epidermis
39
Specimen should never be refrigerated
Blood culture
40
Serious disease characterized by chills, fever, prostration, and the presence of bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream
Septicemia
41
Signs of septic shock/septicemia
```
Reduced mental alertness
Confusion
Rapid breathing
Chills
Fever
Warm, flushed skin
```
42
Presence of bacteria in the bloodstream
Bacteremia
43
Causes septicemia
Kidneys lung and hear fail with septic shock
Endotoxins
44
To diagnose bacteria or septicemia
3 blood cultures should be collected in a 24 hour period
45
Consist of injury to the skin or underlying tissue. Usually a bony prominence
Pressure ulcers
46
Poisonous proteins secreted by a variety of pathogens
Exotoxins
47
Hardened painless chance develops about 3 weeks after exposure
Open lesion containing treponema pallidum
Primary syphilis
48
Blood is sterile until it becomes contained with bacteria
bacteremia
49
What affects the central nervous system
Neurotoxins
50
Any indigenous microbiota in the specimen may
Overgrow inhibit or kill pathogens
51
Period during which the disease is most easily transmitted
Period of illness
52
Neurotoxins are produced by what
Clostridium tetani and clostridium botulinum
53
CNS, cardiovascular and other symptoms occur 5-20 years after exposure
Tertiary syphilis
54
Vast numbers live in or in the human body
Indigenous micro flora
55
Enterotoxins affect
Gastrointestinal tract
56
Failure to refrigerate urine within 30 min
Will cause an inflated colony count which could lead to an incorrect diagnosis or a UTI
57
Time that elapsed between arrival of the pathogen and the onset of symptoms
Incubation period
58
No symptoms
Last for weeks to years
Sometimes continues throughout life
Latent syphilis
59
Day 3-4 to about day 21
| Collagen, granulation tissue and eschar
Proliferative phase
60
Organized layer of glycocalx, firmly attached to the outer surface of a bacterial cell wall, thAt protects the bacteria from being phagocytized by phagocytic white blood cells
Capsule
61
Considered to be virulence factors because they serve an antiphagocytic function
Bacterial capsules
62
Interferons
Interfere with viral replication
Increase host resistance
Are protein molecules released by host cells to nonspecifically inhibit the spread of viral infections
63
Leukocytosis
Count that is higher than normal
Occurs as a normal protective response to physiologic stressors, such as infection, anesthesia, surgery and toxins
64
Time during which the patient recovers
Convalescent period
65
Chance curls inward and a rash develops about 4-6 weeks after exposure
Rash resolves within 12 months
Secondary syphilis
66
Leukopenia
Count that is lower than normal
Never normal
When low person is at risk for life threatening infections
Can be caused by radiation, anaphylactic shock, autoimmune disease or chemo
67
Infectious diseases that go from being symptomatic to asymptomatic and then later go back to symtomatic.
Latent infections
68
May remain inactive for a long period of time before becoming active
Latent infections
69
Toxin
Obvious virulence factor
70
Molecule on the surface of a pathogen that is able to recognize and bind to particular receptor on a host cell
Adhesion
71
Rickettsia and chlamydia
Gram negative bacteria
72
Toxin of s. Aureus causes the epidermal layer of the skin to slough away, leading to a diseases known as scaled skin syndrome
Exfoliative toxin
73
Produced by some strains of s. Pyogenes causing scarlet fever
Eryhrogenic toxin
74
Destroy white blood cells
Leudocidins
75
Which of the following virulence factors enable bacteria to attach to tissues?
Pili
76
What dies when exposed to air and therefore must be protected from oxygen during transport to the CML
Obligate anaerobes
77
Loss of adhesions become
A virulent
78
Neurotoxins are produced by
Clostridium botulinum and clostridium tetani
79
Which of the following pathogens produce enterotoxins
Bacillus cereus and certain serotypes of eschericha coli
C diff and c perfringens
Salmonella spp and shigella spp
All of the above
All of the above
80
A bloodstream infection with BLANK could result in the release of endotoxin into the bloodstream.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae or E. coli
81
Communicable diseases are most easily transmitted during the
Period of illness
82
Enterotoxins affect the cells in the
Gastrointestinal tract
83
Which of the following bacteria is least likely to be the cause of septic shock
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
84
Which of the following produces both a cytotoxin and an enterotoxin
C. Difficile
85
Which of the following virulence factors enables bacteria to avoid phagocytosis by white blood cells
Capsule
86
Which of the following can cause toxic shock syndrome
S. Aureus and s. Pyogenes
87
Assuming that a CCMS urine was processed in the CML which of the following colony counts are indicative of a UTI?
A. 10,000 CFU/mL
B. 100,000 CFU/mL
C. >100,000 CFU/mL
Both b and c
Both b and c
88
Which of the following statements about blood is false
Bacteremia and septicemia are synonyms
89
Which of the following statements about CSF specimens is false
They should always be refrigerated
90
All clinical specimens submitted to the CML must be
Properly and carefully collected
Properly labeled
Properly transported to the laboratory
All of the above
All of the above
91
Which of the following is not one of the three parts of a urine culture
Performing a microscopic observation of the urine specimen
92
Which of the following matches is false
Tease mount.. Bacteriology section
93
Which of the following sections is least likely to be found in the CML of a small hospital
Virology section
94
In the mycology section of the CML moulds are identified by
A. Biochemical test results
B. Macroscopic observations
C. Microscopic observations
D. A combination of b and c
D. A combination of b and c
95
Exoenzymes secretion
```
Necrotizing enzymes
Coagulase
Kinases
Hyaluronidase
Collagenase
Hemolysins
```
96
Which of the following is not one of the four major day to day responsibilities of the CML
Process environmental samples
97
Time during which the patient experiences the typical symptoms associated with that particular disease
Period of illness
98
Time during which the body gradually returns to normal as the patients immune response or medical treatment vanquish the pathogens
Decline
99
Who is primarily responsible for the quality of specimens submitted to the CML
Person who collects the specimen
100
Time during which the patient feels "out of sorts" " coming down with something" but is not yet experiencing actual symptoms of the disease
Prodromal period
101
Cold
```
Vasoconstriction
Decreases capillary permeability
Decreases cellular metabolism
Slows bacterial growth
Decreases inflammation
Local anesthetic effect
```
102
Produced by gram negative bacteria as a part of their cell wall structure. Can cause serious adverse physiologic effects such as fever and shock
Endotoxins
