Module 4: Lymphatic and Immunity Systems

Question 1

Immunity produced by an encounter with an antigen; provides immunological memory.

Answer 1

Active immunity

Question 2

Clumping of (foreign) cells; induced by cross-linking of antigen-antibody complexes.

Answer 2

Agglutination

Question 3

A protein molecule that is released by a plasma cell (a daughter cell of an activated B lymphocyte) and that binds specifically to an antigen; an immunoglobulin.

Answer 3

Antibody

Question 4

A substance or part of a substance (living or nonliving) that is recognized as foreign by the immune system, activates the immune system, and reacts with immune cells or their products.

Answer 4

Antigen

Question 5

Also called B cells; oversee humoral immunity; their descendants differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells.

Answer 5

B lymphocyte

Question 6

Immunity conferred by activated T cells, which directly kill infected or cancerous body cells or cells of foreign grafts and release chemicals that regulate the immune response.

Answer 6

Cell mediated immunity

Question 7

A group of bloodborne proteins, which, when activated, enhance the inflammatory and immune responses and may lead to cell lysis.

Answer 7

Complement

Question 8

Small proteins that act as chemical messengers between various parts of the immune system.

Answer 8

Cytokines

Question 9

Passage of white blood cells through intact vessel walls into tissue.

Answer 9

Diapedesis

Question 10

Ability of the body to resist many agents (both living and nonliving) that can cause disease; resistance to disease.

Answer 10

Immunity

Question 11

An innate (nonspecific) defensive response of the body to tissue injury; includes dilation of blood vessels and an increase in vessel permeability; indicated by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

Answer 11

Inflammation

Question 12

Protein-containing fluid transported by lymphatic vessels.

Answer 12

Lymph

Question 13

Small lymphoid organ that filters lymph; contains macrophages and lymphocytes.

Answer 13

Lymph node

Question 14

System consisting of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph; drains excess tissue fluid from the extracellular space. The nodes provide sites for immune surveillance.

Answer 14

Lymphatic system

Question 15

Protective cell type common in connective tissue, lymphoid tissue, and many body organs; phagocytizes tissue cells, bacteria, and other foreign debris; presents antigens to T cells in the immune response.

Answer 15

Macrophages

Question 16

Members of T cell and B cell clones that provide for immunological memory.

Answer 16

Memory cells

Question 17

Short-lived immunity resulting from the introduction of “borrowed antibodies” obtained from an immune animal or human donor; immunological memory is not established.

Answer 17

Passive immunity

Question 18

Lymphoid organs located in the small intestine; also called aggregated lymphoid nodules.

Answer 18

Peyer’s patch

Question 19

Engulfing of foreign solids by (phagocytic) cells.

Answer 19

Phagocytosis

Question 20

Members of a B cell clone; specialized to produce and release antibodies.

Answer 20

Plasma cell

Question 21

Largest lymphoid organ; provides for lymphocyte proliferation, immune surveillance and response, and blood-cleansing functions.

Answer 21

Spleen

Question 22

A ring of lymphoid tissue around the entrance to the pharynx. See also Adenoids.

Answer 22

Tonsils

Question 23

Proteins released from virus-infected (and other) cells that protect uninfected cells from viral takeover. Also inhibit some cancers.

Answer 23

Interferon

Question 24

Preparation that provides artificially acquired active immunity.

Answer 24

Vaccine

Question 25

Lymphoid organ and endocrine gland active in immune response; site of maturation of T lymphocytes.

Answer 25

Thymus