Module 6: Urinary System, Fluid, and Electrolyte Balance

Question 1

State of abnormally high hydrogen ion concentration in the extracellular fluid.

Answer 1

Acidosis

Question 2

Hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates Na+; reabsorption and K+; secretion by the kidneys.

Answer 2

Aldosterone

Question 3

State of abnormally low hydrogen ion concentration in the extracellular fluid.

Answer 3

Alkalosis

Question 4

Hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary; stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water, reducing urine volume.

Answer 4

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin)

Question 5

A hormone released by certain cells of the heart atria that reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and Na+; and water retention.

Answer 5

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 6

Double-walled cup at end of a renal tubule; encloses a glomerulus. See Glomerular capsule.

Answer 6

Bowman’s capsule

Question 7

Chemical substance or system that minimizes changes in pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions.

Answer 7

Buffer

Question 8

Chemical substances, such as salts, acids, and bases, that ionize and dissociate in water and are capable of conducting an electrical current.

Answer 8

Electrolyte

Question 9

(1) Cluster of capillaries forming part of the nephron; forms filtrate;
(2) odor-specific processing unit in olfactory bulb.

Answer 9

Glomerulus

Question 10

Rate of filtrate formation by the kidneys.

Answer 10

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Question 11

Cells of the distal part of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and afferent arteriole located close to the glomerulus; involved in blood pressure regulation (via release of the hormone renin) and autoregulation of GFR.

Answer 11

Juxtaglomerular complex (JGC)

Question 12

Urination, or voiding; emptying the bladder.

Answer 12

Micturition

Question 13

Structural and functional unit of the kidney; consists of the glomerulus and renal tubule.

Answer 13

Nephron

Question 14

Pertaining to the kidney.

Answer 14

Renal

Question 15

Process the kidney uses to maintain a nearly constant glomerular filtration rate despite fluctuations in systemic blood pressure.

Answer 15

Renal autoregulation

Question 16

The volume of plasma from which a particular substance is completely removed in a given time, usually 1 minute; provides information about renal function.

Answer 16

Renal clearance

Question 17

The movement of filtrate components from the renal tubules into the blood.

Answer 17

Tubular reabsorption

Question 18

The movement of substances (such as drugs, urea, excess ions) from blood into filtrate.

Answer 18

Tubular secretion

Question 19

Tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder.

Answer 19

Ureter

Question 20

Canal through which urine passes from the bladder to outside the body.

Answer 20

Urethra

Question 21

A smooth, collapsible, muscular sac that stores urine temporarily.

Answer 21

Urinary bladder

Question 22

System primarily responsible for water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance and removal of nitrogenous wastes.

Answer 22

Urinary system