Module 5: Digestive & Respiratory Systems

Question 1

Greenish-yellow or brownish fluid produced in and secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine.

Answer 1

Bile

Question 2

A rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing; any soft round mass.

Answer 2

Bolus

Question 3

The blind-ended pouch at the beginning of the large intestine.

Answer 3

Cecum

Question 4

Semifluid, creamy mass consisting of partially digested food and gastric juice.

Answer 4

Chyme

Question 5

First part of the small intestine.

Answer 5

Duodenum

Question 6

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction.

Answer 6

Enzyme

Question 7

Muscular tube extending from the laryngopharynx through the diaphragm to join the stomach; collapses when not involved in food propulsion.

Answer 7

Esophagus

Question 8

Sac beneath the right lobe of the liver used for bile storage.

Answer 8

Gallbladder

Question 9

Opening between the vocal cords in the larynx.

Answer 9

Glottis

Question 10

Terminal part of the small intestine; between the jejunum and the cecum of the large intestine.

Answer 10

Ileum

Question 11

The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum.

Answer 11

Jejunum

Question 12

Portion of the digestive tract extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus; includes the cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, and anal canal.

Answer 12

Large Intestine

Question 13

Lobed accessory organ that overlies the stomach; produces bile to help digest fat, and serves other metabolic and regulatory functions.

Answer 13

Liver

Question 14

Gland located behind the stomach, between the spleen and the duodenum; produces both endocrine and exocrine secretions.

Answer 14

Pancreas

Question 15

Progressive, wavelike contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube organs (or that move other substances through other hollow body organs).

Answer 15

Peristalsis

Question 16

Muscular tube extending from the region posterior to the nasal cavities to the esophagus.

Answer 16

Pharynx

Question 17

Elevations or ridges, as in stomach mucosa.

Answer 17

Rugae

Question 18

Convoluted tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve where it joins the large intestine; the site where digestion is completed and virtually all absorption occurs.

Answer 18

Small intestine

Question 19

A circular muscle surrounding an opening; acts as a valve.

Answer 19

Sphincter

Question 20

Temporary reservoir in the gastrointestinal tract where chemical breakdown of proteins begins and food is converted into chyme.

Answer 20

Stomach

Question 21

One of the fingerlike projections of the small intestinal mucosa that tremendously increase its surface area for absorption.

Answer 21

Villus

Question 22

(1) One of the microscopic air sacs of the lungs; (2) tiny milk-producing glandular sac in the breast; (3) tooth socket.

Answer 22

Alveolus

Question 23

Receptor in the aortic arch sensitive to changing oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels of the blood.

Answer 23

Aortic body

Question 24

1 mm in diameter) branching air passageways inside the lungs.

Answer 24

Bronchiole

Question 25

One of the two large branches of the trachea that leads to the lungs.

Answer 25

Bronchus

Question 26

A receptor in the common carotid artery sensitive to changing oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels of the blood.

Answer 26

Carotid body

Question 27

(1) Any partition or wall separating one area from another; (2) a muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the lower abdominopelvic cavity.

Answer 27

Diaphragm

Question 28

Elastic cartilage at the back of the throat; covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing.

Answer 28

Epiglottis

Question 29

Opening between the vocal cords in the larynx.

Answer 29

Glottis

Question 30

Exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid and between tissue fluid and cells.

Answer 30

Internal respiration

Question 31

Cartilaginous organ located between the trachea and the pharynx; voice box.

Answer 31

Larynx

Question 32

Oxygen-bound form of hemoglobin.

Answer 32

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 33

Muscular tube extending from the region posterior to the nasal cavities to the esophagus.

Answer 33

Pharynx

Question 34

Two layers of serous membrane that line the thoracic cavity and cover the external surface of the lung.

Answer 34

Pleurae

Question 35

The processes involved in supplying the body with oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide.

Answer 35

Respiration

Question 36

Secretion produced by certain cells of the alveoli that reduces the surface tension of water molecules, thus preventing the collapse of the alveoli after each expiration.

Answer 36

Surfactant

Question 37

Windpipe; cartilage-reinforced tube extending from larynx to bronchi.

Answer 37

Trachea

Question 38

The volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs by forcible expiration after the deepest inspiration; total exchangeable air.

Answer 38

Vital capacity