Module 4 - Urinary System

Question 1

What are the 4 organs of the Urinary System?

Answer 1

Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra, Kidney

Question 2

What are the Ureters and their function?

Answer 2

Muscular tubes that transport urine from kidneys to bladder

Question 3

What is the Urinary Bladder and its function?

Answer 3

Three layers of smooth muscle, lined with epithelial cells
Stores urine (1 liter)

Question 4

What is the function of the Urethra?

Answer 4

Carries urine from bladder to outside of body
Two sphincters control urination

Question 5

How much urine can be stored in the bladder?

Answer 5

1 liter of urine

Question 6

What position is the kidney in?

Answer 6

Retroperitoneal Position
parallel to the vertebrae
just under your jeans in the back

Question 7

What is the Principal organ of the Urinary System?

Answer 7

Kidneys

Question 8

Name the 3 parts of the kidney

Answer 8

Cortex, Medulla, and Renal pelvis

Question 9

Define the Cortex

Answer 9

outer portion of the kidney

Question 10

Define the Medulla

Answer 10

inner region of the kidney

Question 11

Define the Renal pelvis

Answer 11

hollow space in center of kidney where urine collects

Question 12

What is a Nephron? What are the Two functional parts?

Answer 12

functional unit of the kidney

Two functional parts:
– Tubule
– Associated blood supply

Question 13

How many Nephrons per Kidney?

Answer 13

1 million nephrons per kidney

Question 14

What is the Glomerular capsule?

Answer 14

cuplike end of nephron tubule surrounding glomerulus (network of capillaries)

Question 15

Where is the Glomerular capsule found? What shape is it?

Answer 15

Found in the Nephron and is a C shape

Question 16

What is the name of the tangled up network where filtration occurs?

Answer 16

Glomerulus

Question 17

Where is waste collected after the Glomerulus?

Answer 17

Glomerular capsule aka Bowmans capsule

Question 18

What are the four distinct regions of tubule?

Answer 18

Proximal tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal tubule, Collecting duct

Question 19

Define Proximal tubule

Answer 19

extends from glomerular capsule to renal medulla

Question 20

Define Loop of Henle

Answer 20

extends into medulla then back into cortex

Question 21

Define Collecting duct

Answer 21

shared by several nephrons, empties into renal pelvis

Question 22

Which tubule is closer to the glomerulus—the proximal tubule or the distal tubule?

Answer 22

proximal tubule is closer to the glomerulus

Question 23

What are some of substances filtered>

Answer 23

Water, Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Glucose, Urea, Creatinine, Bicarbonate

Question 24

How do kidneys respond to excess water?

Answer 24

excreting it, very dilatated urine is produced, we don’t want too much water

Question 25

How do kidneys respond too little water?

Answer 25

conserve water and producing a more concentrated urine

Question 26

What can too little water lead to?

Answer 26

lower blood volume, declining blood pressure, risk of dehydration of body cells

Question 27

How does the brain control parts of the Urinary System?

Answer 27

Through the Pituitary Gland

Question 28

What is the name of the hormone that increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water and increases conservation of water?

Answer 28

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 29

What does the posterior pituitary gland produce?

Answer 29

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 30

What is Diuretic?

Answer 30

opposite of antidiuretic, **any substance that increases the formation and excretion of urine** Ex: Caffeine and alcohol

Question 31

How do the kidneys help maintain homeostasis? (6)

Answer 31

Kidneys help maintain homeostasis by: maintaining water balance, maintaining salt balance, controlling blood volume and blood pressure, maintaining acid-base balance and blood pH, regulating blood cell production, and activating an inactive form of vitamin D.

Question 32

What is Chronic renal failure aka End Stage renal disease (ESRD)?

Answer 32

– long-term, irreversible damage leading to >60% reduction in functioning nephrons – Patients may have <10% normal filtering capacity

Question 33

What does dialysis duplicate?

Answer 33

function of healthy kidneys

Question 34

What is Hemodialysis?

Answer 34

– Blood is circulated through a kidney machine – Requires several visits/week to a dialysis center

Question 35

T/F: Kidney Transplants Are a Permanent Solution to Renal Failure

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

T/F: Shortage of donated kidneys

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

T/F: kidney transplants are the best hope for many chronic renal failure patients

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

T/F: Improvements in transplant protocols/processes have improved outcomes

Answer 38

TRUE