Module 5

Question 1

occurs when a piece of a chromosome breaks off and is lost

Answer 1

Deletion

Question 2

occurs when a broken piece from one chromosome becomes attached to a different , nonhomologous chromosome.

Answer 2

Translocation

Question 3

is a type of chromosomal abnormality in which a chromosome becomes longer because it ends up with two copies of a particular chromosome fragment

Answer 3

Duplication

Question 4

extra chromosomes causes

Answer 4

Down Syndrome

Question 5

code for genetic traits and are located on chromosomes

Answer 5

Genes

Question 6

is the genetic material

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

photographed DNA for the first time. From this, we were able to see DNAs double helix structure.

Answer 7

Rosalind Franklin

Question 8

is a nucleic acids composed of two strands of polynucleotides twisted to form a double helix

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

the sugar combines with a phosphate group and a base compound to form

Answer 9

Nucleotides

Question 10

1. Adenine 2. Cytosine 3. Guanine 4. Thymine

Answer 10

Four Bases in Nucleotides

Question 11

two parallel strands of DNA are connected by hydrogen bonds that link the nucleotide __

Answer 11

Base Pairs

Question 12

the duplication of a DNA molecule

Answer 12

DNA replication

Question 13

Occurs so there are now two new DNA double helices

Answer 13

Semiconservative Rep;ication

Question 14

artificial DNA replication

Answer 14

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PRC)

Question 15

separates DNA fragments on basis of their sizes

Answer 15

Gel electrophoresis

Question 16

DNA is cut info fragments using

Answer 16

restriction enzymes

Question 17

result from a fertilized egg splitting

Answer 17

Identical twins

Question 18

result from two eggs being released at the same time

Answer 18

Fraternal twins

Question 19

is single stranded, uses ribose as it sugar, instead of deoxyribose, uses the base of uracil (U) instead of thymine(T)

Answer 19

RNA

Question 20

the conversation of DNA-based sequence of nucleotides in a gene to an RNA-based sequence called

Answer 20

Transcription

Question 21

after the RNA is transcribed, specific sections are cut out and the strand is reassembles into what is then called

Answer 21

mRNA

Question 22

The process by which ribosomes convert the genetic information in mRNA into proteins is known as

Answer 22

Translation

Question 23

are sets of 3 nucleotides that tell the ribosomes which amino acid to add

Answer 23

Codons

Question 24

is making proteins based on instructions provided by the mRNA

Answer 24

Translation

Question 25

translate the mRNA into proteins by strining amino acids together

Answer 25

Ribsomes

Question 26

Three types of mutations

Answer 26

1. Insertions 2. Deletions 3. Subsitutions

Question 27

occurs when one substituted for another in a DNA sequence

Answer 27

Sub situations Mutation

Question 28

alter the protein so extensively that they invariably destroy the normal function of the protein and produce a severe phenotype

Answer 28

Frame shift Mutation

Question 29

Causes no change in the structure of the protein, and therefore no change in the phenotype of the organism

Answer 29

Silent Mutation

Question 30

used to disguise the virus and allows the virus to attach to host cells

Answer 30

Envelope Protein

Question 31

is a phospholipid bilayer

Answer 31

Envelope

Question 32

protects DNA/RNA

Answer 32

Nucleocapsid

Question 33

Train the immune system to recognize viruses so that they can be destroyed

Answer 33

Vaccines

Question 34

manufacture envelope proteins for injection

Answer 34

Traditional vaccines

Answer 35

mRNA Vaccines

Question 36

Allows the daughter cells to become specialized

Question 37

is the manifestation of the information encoded in a gene as a specific phenotype

Answer 37

Gene expression

Question 38

are sections of a gene that function as an on/off switch for transcription

Question 39

play an essential role in the maintenance of cellular activities in all kinds of cells and have been history

Answer 39

Housekeeping genes

Question 40

Enables organisms to change which genes they express in response to internal signals from inside the body or external cues in the environment

Answer 40

Gene Regulation

Question 41

is the part of a gene that controls gene transcription with the help of gene regulatory proteins

Answer 41

Regulatory DNA

Question 42

single promoter controlling transcription of a cluster of genes with related functions

Answer 42

Oper

Question 43

Phenotypic Plasticity

Answer 43

Change in gene expression due to environmental influences

Question 44

Is DNA that does not code for any kind of functional RNA

Answer 44

Noncoding DNA

Question 45

are non coding sections interspersed with the coding regions of a gene or exons

Answer 45

Introns

Question 46

uses a ribosome like structure

Answer 46

Reverse Transcriptase