Module 5 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Define anaplasia
complete lack of differentiation; cell has reverted back to its nondifferentiated or primitive form -variable cell and nuclear size and shape, increased chromatin, increased and atypical mitosis
what is the key thing about a benign tumour?
it does not invade or spread
cancer
specifically malignant neoplasms
define neoplasia
“new growth”, the process that results in the formation and growth of a tumour
what is a neoplasm?
an abnormal mass of tissue that grows more rapidly than normal, is uncoordinated with that of normal tissue and continues to grow after the stimulus that initiated the new growth is removed or stops
oncogenes
are deregulated or altered genes (were proto-oncogenes) that lead to the development of cancer; these proto-oncogenes are usually normal genes that play key roles in controlling cell growth and differentiation
tumour suppressor genes
normal genes whose products inhibit cell growth
what percentage of deaths is cancer responsible for in Canada?
30%
on avg, how many canadians will be diagnosed with cancer every day?
500
on avg, how many Canadians will die from cancer every day?
200
What are the 4 most common types of cancer in Canada?
lung, breast, colorectal and prostate
account for 52% of all new cancer cases
How many canadians are expected to develop cancer in their lifetime?
2 out of 5
How many Canadians are expected to die from cancer?
1 out of 4
what are the top four types of cancer in men in Canada?
Lung, colorectal, prostate, pancreas
what are the top four types of cancer in women in Canada?
Lung, breast, colorectal, pancreas
Name three examples of naming of benign tumours
lipoma, fibroma, angioma, adenoma, papilloma
*most of the time benign tumours have suffix “oma” with some exceptions that are malignant tumours
Name two malignant tumours that use suffix “oma”
melanoma, lymphoma
What is the naming of malignant tumours composed of mesenchymal cells?
sarcoma
What is the naming of malignant tumours composed of epithelial cells?
carcinoma
What does teratoma mean?
tumour consisting of two or more germ layers arising from mesenchymal cells (can be either benign or malignant)
What does Choristoma mean
ectopic rest; a mass of histologically normal tissues in an abnormal location
Hamartoma
disorganized normal tissue (benign); overgrowth or mature cells and tissues normally present in the affected part
Features of Anaplastic cells
- variable size & shape
- variable nuclear size and shape
- hyperchromatic nuclei
- increased mitosis and atypical mitosis
- tumour giant cell
