Module 1

Question 1

what is congenital?

Answer 1

present at birth

Question 2

define disease

Answer 2

a change in the normal body function or structure that leads to abnormal function

Question 3

etiology

Answer 3

study of causes of disease

Question 4

genetic

Answer 4

heritable disease

Question 5

iatrogenic

Answer 5

disease caused as a result of a medical treatment

Question 6

idiopathic

Answer 6

of unknown origin; used when we don’t know the cause of disease

Question 7

morbidity

Answer 7

the impairment of health by illness

Question 8

mortality

Answer 8

causing the death of the patient

Question 9

pathogenesis

Answer 9

stages through which a disease progresses; the production and development or mechanism of disease

Question 10

pathology

Answer 10

study of disease and disease process

Question 11

prognosis

Answer 11

the most likely course or outcome of disease

Question 12

teratogen

Answer 12

a chemical, biological, or physical agent that causes physical defects in the embryo

Question 13

what are pathological and morphological manifestations?

Answer 13

changes in structure and function of tissues, organs and systems. Morphological changes are described as both gross anatomic changes and microscopic changes that are characteristic of a disease.

Question 14

what is sequelae?

Answer 14

secondary consequences of a disease

Question 15

what does epidemiology mean?

Answer 15

within pop’ns we can look for patterns of disease or study risk factors that predispose to disease. The INCIDENCE represents the number of new cases arising in the pop’n over a given time period and the PREVALENCE is the total number of cases of the disease in a given pop’n

Question 16

what is the life expectancy for males?

Answer 16

79.3

Question 17

what is the life expectancy for females?

Answer 17

83.6

Question 18

What percentage of all deaths did cancer account for in 2011?

Answer 18

30%

Question 19

What percentage of all deaths did heart disease account for in 2011?

Answer 19

20%

Question 20

What percentage of all deaths did stroke account for in 2011?

Answer 20

6%

Question 21

List the 8 leading causes of death in Canada in males

Answer 21

cancer
heart disease
unintentional injuries
chronic lower respiratory diseases
stroke
diabetes
suicide
influenza/pneumonia

Question 22

List the 8 leading causes of death in Canada in females

Answer 22

cancer
heart disease
stroke
chronic lower respiratory diseases
unintentional injuries
Alzheimers
diabetes
influenza/pneumonia

Question 23

name the 10 leading causes of hospitalization in canada?

Answer 23

circulatory
digestive
Respiratory
Cancer
Unintentional injuries
Mental
Genitourinary
Musculoskeletal
Endocrine
nervous system

Question 24

what is a malformation?

Answer 24

results from an intrinsically abnormal development process. May involve a single organ or body system or multiple organs and tissues

Question 25

what is a disruption?

Answer 25

result from a secondary destruction of an rgan or body region that was normal in development

Question 26

what is a deformation?

Answer 26

also result from a secondary or extrinsic disturbance of the normal developmental process. May be due to localized or generalized compression of the growing fetus by biomechanical forces leading to a variety of structural abnormalities

Question 27

what is a teratogen?

Answer 27

environmental agents that produce abnormalities during embryonic or fetal development and hence congenital malformations

Question 28

what are physical agents?

Answer 28

``` mechanical trauma temperature electrical burns radiation atmospheric pressure ```

Question 29

Chemical agents?

Answer 29

environmental (eg. pesticides), industrial (eg. asbestos) | poisons, toxins, pesticides, solvents, metals, acids or alkalis, components of cigarette smoke