Module 5 - Ageing & Changing Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

function of the kidneys

A

filter waste and excess ions out of the blood and into urine, deposit nutrients back into the blood

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2
Q

the kidneys maintain proper balance between…

A

water and salts

acids and bases

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3
Q

what hormone do the kidneys release?

A

erythropoietin

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4
Q

what does erythropoietin do?

A

stimulates red blood cells production in bone marrow

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5
Q

what do kidney cells do in relation to vitamin D?

A

convert it to its active form

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6
Q

what happens to the kidneys as we age

A

they decrease in size

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7
Q

what does the kidneys’ decrease in size as we age lead to?

A

a decrease in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rat (GFR)

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8
Q

what do the kidneys become less effective at as we age

A

exchanging substances and reabsoroption

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9
Q

the reduced function of the kidneys as we age consequently leads to an increased risk of what?

A

dehydration, hypontraemia and hyperkalaemia

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10
Q

hyponatraemia

A

low levels of sodium in the blood

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11
Q

hyperkalaemia

A

high levels of potassium in the blood

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12
Q

why do older people need more vitamin d?

A

to assist in the intestinal absorption of calcium

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13
Q

hypervolemia

A

fluid overload

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14
Q

signs of hypervolemia

A

oedema, sudden weight gain, lower urine output, shortness of breath

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15
Q

hypovolema

A

fluid volume depletion

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16
Q

signs of hypovolemia

A

low Bp, tachycardia, sweating, lightheadedness, fatigue, confusion

17
Q

ensuring adequate fluid intake, promoting the use of vitamin D, promote strengthening of pelvic floor muscles, reviewing medications are all what?

A

nursing interventions to support the urinary system in older people

18
Q

what happens to digestive enzymes and saliva as we age?

A

production decreases

19
Q

what happens to the liver and what does this lead to

A

less effective at handling cholesterol > increased incidence of gallstones

20
Q

why does mouth health decrease?

A

enamel in teeth deteriorates

21
Q

what happens to the tongue

22
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size

23
Q

sarcopenia

A

decrease in muscle fibers/muscle mass

24
Q

how can sarcopenia be prevented?

A

by regular exercise

25
what causes decrease in height
spinal vertebebrae shortens, intervertebral disks thin
26
encouraging independence and regular physical activity, education about osteoporosis and falls prevention, ensuring adequate vitamin d and calcium intake, assisting with mobility
nursing interventions to support neuromuscular in older people
27
epidermis in ageing
thins
28
why does the epidermis thin during ageing?
cells contain less moisture, cell turnover rate declines
29
lentigo senilis
age spots
30
what causes skin dryness in ageing
decrease in sebaceous gland activity and tissue fluid
31
turgor
swelling