Module 5: Practice Quizzes

Question 1

Which part of the brain is responsible for temperature regulation?

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is responsible for temperature regulation.

Question 2

Which is a benefit of fever?

Answer 2

Deprives bacteria of a food source

Fever decreases serum levels of iron, zinc, and copper, depriving bacteria of nutrients.

Question 3

Which are free nerve endings in the afferent peripheral nervous system that selectively respond to different chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli?

Answer 3

Nociceptors

Nociceptors are receptors located throughout the body that respond to pain.

Question 4

Which type of pain arises from connective tissue, muscle, bone, and skin?

Answer 4

Somatic

Somatic pain may be sharp and well organized or dull, aching, and poorly localized.

Question 5

Pain in internal organs and the lining of the body cavities is called?

Answer 5

Visceral pain

Visceral pain may be an aching, gnawing, throbbing, or intermittent cramping sensation.

Question 6

Which term describes the elevation of the body temperature without an increase in the hypothalamic set point?

Answer 6

Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia occurs without an increase in the hypothalamic set point.

Question 7

A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who was rewarmed after suffering from hypothermia. What possible long-term complication will the professional continue to assess the patient for?

Answer 7

Renal failure

Rewarming can lead to complications such as renal failure.

Question 8

A healthcare professional is trying to lower a patient’s body temperature by convection. What action by the professional will accomplish this?What action will lower a patient’s body temperature by convection?

Answer 8

Obtain a fan and set it to blow over the patient.

Convection occurs through transfer of heat via currents of gas or liquid.

Question 9

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs in cycles approximately how often?

Answer 9

90 minutes

REM sleep accounts for 20% to 25% of sleep time.

Question 10

What are the expected changes in sleep patterns of older adults?

Answer 10

Older adults experience difficulty falling asleep with less time spent in REM sleep.

Total sleep time decreases and older individuals take longer to initiate and maintain sleep.

Question 11

A healthcare professional is caring for four postsurgical patients. Based on an understanding of the physiologic process of nociceptors, the nurse expects to give more pain medication to which patient?

Answer 11

Repair of several crushed fingers

The tips of the fingers have more nociceptors than other areas.

Question 12

What does heat exhaustion result in? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 12

Profound vasodilation, A need to ingest cool liquids, Profuse sweating

Heat exhaustion results from prolonged high core or environmental temperatures.

Question 13

Pain that warns of actual or impending tissue injury is referred to as what?

Answer 13

Acute

Acute pain is a protective mechanism alerting to immediate harm.

Question 14

The healthcare professional working in a summer camp provides cooling to campers by radiation. What is the most appropriate action by the professional to accomplish this?

Answer 14

Have the campers sit inside the air-conditioned camp cafeteria.

Radiation refers to heat loss through electromagnetic waves.

Question 15

A patient has been exposed to prolonged high environmental temperatures and now shows signs of dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia. What treatment does the healthcare professional prepare to administer to this patient?

Answer 15

Give the patient plenty of cool fluids to drink.

This is essential for treating heat exhaustion.

Question 16

In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from the colder skin to the body core?

Answer 16

Peripheral vasoconstriction

This response helps decrease heat loss.

Question 17

Which criterion is not used when determining brain death?

Answer 17

Ocular response to head turning

Question 18

An individual having difficulty concentrating is restless and irritable and briefly confused. These changes have developed over 2–3 days. Which describes this condition?

Answer 18

Delirium

Question 19

Which are characteristics of Alzheimer disease? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 19

1. Anxiety and depression
2. Increased irritability
3. Memory loss

Question 20

A healthcare professional suspects a patient is brain dead. How would the professional assess for brain death?How would a healthcare professional assess for brain death?

Answer 20

Remove the patient’s ventilator to see if spontaneous breathing occurs.

Question 21

To quickly assess a patient’s nervous system for dysfunction, what assessment should the healthcare professional perform as the priority?

Answer 21

Level of consciousness

Question 22

A patient suffered a seizure for the first time. Which of the following is the best way to explain what a seizure is to their family members?

Answer 22

A sudden, explosive, disorderly discharge of brain cells

Question 23

A patient had a seizure that consisted of jerking and shaking movements and loss of consciousness. How does the healthcare professional chart this episode?

Answer 23

Tonic-clonic seizure

Question 24

Cerebral edema is an increase in the fluid content of what part of the brain?

Answer 24

Tissue

Question 25

Which best describes the following altered level of consciousness? Considered the beginning of loss of consciousness Test orientation to person, place, and time

Answer 25

Disorientation

Question 26

Dementia is commonly characterized by the deterioration in which abilities? (Select all that apply.) Correct! What abilities are commonly characterized by dementia?

Answer 26

1. Memory 2. Decision making 3. Speech

Question 27

What type of posturing exists when a person with a severe closed head injury has all four extremities in rigid extension with the forearms in hyperpronation and the legs in plantar extension?

Answer 27

Decerebrate

Question 28

What do the clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease include? (Select all that apply.) Correct!

Answer 28

1. Bradykinesia 2. Depression 3. Muscle stiffness 4. Fragmented sleep

Question 29

An older adult who abuses alcohol has fallen and is diagnosed with a hematoma that is located on the top of the brain. Which type of hematoma fits this description?

Answer 29

Subdural ## Footnote Acute subdural hematomas rapidly develop (within hours) and are usually located at the top of the skull.

Question 30

A 23-year-old reports bilateral pain with a sensation of a tight band around the head. Which type of headache fits this description?

Answer 30

Tension headache ## Footnote Tension headache is the most common type of headache, often feels like a band is constricting the head, and is bilateral.

Question 31

Which statement is true regarding migraine? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 31

An electroencephalogram (EEG) can be used to confirm a diagnosis of migraine headache, Migraines occur most frequently before and during menses. ## Footnote Migraines occur most frequently before and during menses.

Question 32

What is the acronym used to identify strokes?

Answer 32

FAST

Question 33

Which of the following strokes is spontaneous bleeding into the brain?

Answer 33

Hemorrhagic

Question 34

Which of the following best relates to TIAs:

Answer 34

Medical emergency that may signal impending stroke ## Footnote Is attributed to atherosclerosis and inflammatory disease processes.

Question 35

What do diffuse axonal injuries (DAIs) of the brain often result in? Correct!

Answer 35

Reduced levels of consciousness ## Footnote DAI can cause permanent or temporary dysfunction.

Question 36

A patient has been hospitalized with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The patient asks how this could have occurred. What response by the healthcare professional is best?

Answer 36

It is often preceded by a viral illness; typically GI or respiratory tract infections.

Question 37

What indicates that spinal shock is terminating?

Answer 37

Reflex emptying of the bladder ## Footnote Indications include the reappearance of reflex activity and hyperreflexia.

Question 38

A blunt-force injury to the forehead results in a coup injury to which region of the brain?

Answer 38

Frontal

Question 39

In which disorder are acetylcholine receptor antibodies produced against acetylcholine receptors?

Answer 39

Myasthenia gravis ## Footnote The main defect is the formation of autoantibodies against receptors at the Ach-binding site.

Question 40

What are the initial clinical manifestations immediately noted after a spinal cord injury? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 40

Bladder incontinence, Loss of deep tendon reflexes, Flaccid paralysis

Question 41

What event is most likely to occur when a person experiences a closed head injury?

Answer 41

Brief period of vital sign instability

Question 42

Which cerebral vascular hemorrhage causes meningeal irritation, photophobia, and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs?

Answer 42

Subarachnoid ## Footnote Assessment findings include neck stiffness, photophobia, and irritability.

Question 43

What does a healthcare professional explain to a student about myasthenia gravis?

Answer 43

It causes muscle weakness. ## Footnote Exertional fatigue and weakness that worsens with activity characterizes myasthenia gravis.

Question 44

Heat stroke is characterized by very high body temperature, (presence, absence) of sweat, and (slow, rapid) heart rate.

Answer 44

absence, rapid

Question 45

Cheyne-Stokes respirations involve a ( hypoventilatory, hyperventilatory) response to stimulation by (carbon dioxide, hypoxia).

Answer 45

hyperventilatory, carbon dioxide

Question 46

Sequence the progressive changes that occur when a fully alert individual becomes comatose. Write the letters only to show the correct order of decreasing consciousness: ________________ A. Light coma B. Disorientation C. Lethargy D. Confusion E. Obtundation F. Deep coma G. Stupor

Answer 46

D, B, C, E, G, A, F

Question 47

A person who is hit forcefully in the back of the head with a bat can sustain a (coup, contrecoup) injury when the brain hits the front of the skull and a (coup, contrecoup) injury where the bat hit.

Answer 47

contrecoup, coup

Question 48

The sleep stage in which dreaming occurs is _______________.

Answer 48

REM

Question 49

Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage happens when an artery in the brain leaks blood or ruptures. Primary cause is hypertension with other factors being: tumors, coagulation disorders, trauma, or illicet drug use (cocaine). A mass of blood is formed as bleeding occurs in the brain tissue. The above is descriptive of which of the following?

Answer 49

Hemorrhagic stroke

Question 50

_____ is a confusional state caused by death of neurons and is not reversible

Answer 50

Dementia

Question 51

What do the clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease include? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 51

Bradykinesia, fragmented sleep, muscle stiffness, and depression.

Question 52

A patient is in the Emergency Department with heat stroke. What finding does the healthcare provider associate with this condition?

Answer 52

Absence of sweating despite a high core temperature.

Question 53

What is true about a fever? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 53

It can be a result of a dysfunctional hypothalamus, it triggers endocrine responses, is a complex cascade involving several different systems, and is in response to a pyrogen.