Practice Exam 1:

Question 1

Because carbon monoxide’s affinity for hemoglobin is 200 times greater than that of oxygen, it quickly binds with the hemoglobin, preventing oxygen molecules from doing so. This best explains why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following is not a true adaptive cellular response?

Answer 2

Dysplasia

Question 3

The following is an example of _________ menopause 🡪 ovaries become dysfunctional and degenerate according to a genetically determined life span

Answer 3

Apoptosis

Question 4

One of the most common causes of fluid volume overload:

Answer 4

Heart failure

Question 5

The most common cause of _________ is diuretic therapy

Answer 5

hypokalemia

Question 6

____________ of the lungs decreases CO2 in the blood, reducing acid in the blood and increasing blood pH

Answer 6

Hyperventilation

Question 7

Analysis of ABGs can determine if there is an acid-base imbalance and if the imbalance is caused by respiratory or metabolic problems.

Metabolic causes include: (select all that apply)

Answer 7

Renal failure, Diabetes

Question 8

_______________i s an indicator of hypoventilation from inadequate oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange within the lungs.

Answer 8

Respiratory acidosis

Question 9

___________The most common acid base disorder in hospitalized patients in general

Answer 9

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 10

_______ syndrome, because of the Y chromosome, these individuals have male appearance but are usually sterile and develop female like breasts

Answer 10

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 11

The main functions of NK cells include all of the following except:

Answer 11

Recognizing bacteria-infected cells

Question 12

What plasma protein system prevents the spread of infection to adjacent tissues?

Answer 12

Clotting

Question 13

What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?

Answer 13

Passive immunity

Question 14

How is hypersensitivity best defined?

Answer 14

An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease.

Question 15

A person with type O blood is considered to be the universal blood donor because type O blood contains which of these?

Answer 15

It contains no antigens.

Question 16

Despite the wide-scale implementation of progressive public health and immunization policies, _____ remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.

Answer 16

Infectious disease

Question 17

What is the most common route for distant metastasis? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 17

Blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 18

One common scheme for staging is the World Health Organization’s:

Answer 18

TMN

Question 19

Which statement is true regarding hypokalemia?

Answer 19

One cause of hypokalemia is diabetic ketoacidosis.

Question 20

Which statement describes acidemia?

Answer 20

A state in which the pH of arterial blood is less than 7.35.

Question 21

Which are clinical manifestations of hypokalemia? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 21

Impaired renal function, decreased insulin secretion and decreased neuromuscular excitability.

Question 22

A patient’s blood gases reveal the following findings: pH 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27 mEq/L; carbon dioxide (CO2) 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?

Answer 22

Respiratory acidosis

Question 23

The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism?

Answer 23

Lymphatic obstruction

Question 24

The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of what hormonal process?

Answer 24

Hyperplasia

Question 25

Why does carbon monoxide causes tissue damage, it....

Answer 25

Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen

Question 26

A person with 47, XXY karyotype has the genetic disorder resulting in which syndrome?

Answer 26

Klinefelter

Question 27

What is an individual’s genetic makeup called?

Answer 27

Genotype

Question 28

Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?

Answer 28

To prevent infection of the injured tissue

Question 29

What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed site?

Answer 29

Coagulation

Question 30

What is a role of a natural killer (NK) cells?

Answer 30

Elimination of malignant cells

Question 31

A substance that is recognized as foreign or nonself is

Answer 31

antigens

Question 32

Which term describes the type of immunity that occurs when preformed antibodies are transferred from a donor to a recipient?

Answer 32

Passive

Question 33

What are characteristics of benign tumors?

Answer 33

Benign tumors include the suffix -oma.

Question 34

It has been determined that a patient’s tumor is in stage 2. Which best describes this finding to the patient?

Answer 34

Cancer is locally invasive.

Question 35

No current research supports steroids, antihistamines, or antidepressants as having an increased effect on the incidence of cancer when used in combination with tobacco smoking.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Research has shown a link between cancer and which sexually transmitted disease?

Answer 36

Human papillomavirus

Question 37

Tobacco smoking is associated with which cancers? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 37

Lung, Kidney, Bladder, Pancreas

Question 38

Which environmental factors have been shown to have the greatest significant effect on the frequency of genetic mutations in humans? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 38

Tobacco use, Radiation exposure, Obesity