Module 5.2 Flashcards

Question

What common reasons for conflict exist when young adults live within the original home?

Answer 1

* While adults are commonly expected to be independent from the parental home, what factors are responsible for remaining in or returning to the original home? * approximately 11% of the population between 15 – 24 is unemployed * Even when there are jobs available to young adults, many are minimal wage jobs making it very difficult to support one’s self. * A post secondary education is important in today’s society. This means that many young adults are carrying heavy financial debts. * Divorce/separation or other domestic issues may result in young adults returning to the parental home * Parental needs: on occasion, young adults may remain in the home or return to provide support to parents. This may be for reasons of illness, finances, or for other forms of support, such as emotional support. In earlier agrarian times, the support of adult children may have been needed in order to maintain the family farm. * Cultural variations exist, so that in some cultures, intergenerational living may be the expected norm, with grandparents assisting in the rearing of grandchildren, and adult children assisting with parental needs. * When conflicts arise, they are often related to intergenerational differences in philosophies, lifestyles and expectations.

Answer 2

* Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome * HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) causes AIDS * Being HIV-positive [evidence of HIV antibodies], or having HIV disease, is not the same as having AIDS. Many people are HIV-positive but don't get sick for many years. As HIV disease continues, it slowly wears down the immune system [reduction in “T-cells”]. Viruses, parasites, fungi and bacteria that usually don't cause any problems now do. * AIDS is thought to have jumped from animals to humans during the 1940s. * AIDS occurs five times more frequently in males, but the expectation is that gender distribution will even out. * HIV is a condition that can compromise the immune system by seriously reducing the number of white blood cells (T cells), and when that occurs, the person is susceptible to fatal infections/encephalopathy/wasting that is associated with AIDS. * HIV is found in other bodily fluids in low concentration that cannot lead to infection. These include sweat, tears and saliva (CDC). Additionally, HIV cannot be contracted through insect bites or from contact with fluid from sneezing or coughing. * effective drug therapy has modified the status of the infection to that of a long-term chronic infection, rather than a short term death sentence. From 10 years to 76 years. * HIV has riven from 8 million in 1990 to 34 million in 2013 * Africa has 11.6 million AIDS orphans. * Antriretroviral treatment (ART) has been becoming more available in sub Saharan Africa

Answer 3

* Having unprotected sex with an infected person [passed through blood, semen, vaginal secretions] . * Sharing a needle (shooting drugs) with someone who's infected * Being born when the mother is infected, or drinking the breast milk of an infected woman.

Answer 4

Age Range: 45 – 60 or 70 • Definition depends on a number of factors • Physical condition • Psychological age [how old does the person feel & behave] Many people in this age range report that this is a time of relative contentment >Social and occupational roles may be well established & reasonably satisfying >It may be a period of greater economic security; and can be a time of “liberation”, such that the person or couple is able to do things that he/she or they were previously not able to >Relationships are often established, and couples are often quite comfortable with each other, & without the need to pretend or impress. Changes can be prominent issues >Loss of reproductive ability (Climacteric period) >Loss of youthful appearance >Loss of children from the home >Loss of parents or dependency of parents >Midlife re-evaluation

Answer 5

a term describing the physiological period of decrease of reproductive capacity in men and women Andropause: Gradual reduction in testosterone level associated with decreased libido, energy & muscle mass Menopause: The gradual cessation of menstruation (along with production of mature ova) resulting in a loss of ability to reproduce. Menopause is preceded by a period of perimenopause. Menopause occurs after 12 months of no periods.

Answer 6

* Approximately 10% of females don’t experience any perceptible consequence of menopause, except for the cessation of their menstrual cycle. * 70% - 80% of females report affects, but largely don’t describe them as problematic. * For the remaining percentage, affects can be severe. * In general, the most acute effects occur in the 2 years preceding and the 2 years following the last menstrual period. Signs/Symptopns: >First indicator is often irregular periods >Hot flashes experienced by 80% >Sleep disturbance/fatigue/night sweats >Itchy, burning skin >Headaches >Joint pain >Breast tenderness >Vaginal dryness & thinning of the walls >Difficulty concentrating >Numbness or tingling in hands and feet >Depression/anxiety

Answer 7

• Mean menopausal age is 51 (North America) • Ovaries begin to slow estrogen production around the age of 40 • Affects may vary in number & severity from person to person, & may include: >Relief on not having to be concerned with pregnancy, contraception, menstruation >A greater sense of sexual freedom >A sense of personal loss Symptom Relief • HRT • Vitamin E may have an impact on hot flashes & vaginal dryness • To mixed reviews, Black Cohosh has been used by some [this herb is thought to contain phyto-estrogens that are suggested to mimic estrogen and result in diminishment of the discomfort of menopause] • Phyto-estrogens are also found in tofu, soybeans, chickpeas, red clover and other legumes; and in grains and seeds such as flax seed, and in beans, fruit and vegetables •Some herbal remedies may contain substances that certain people should not have. For instance ephedra (should be off the market by now, but may still show up) is a vaso-constrictor and can cause elevated blood pressure, as can licorice.

Answer 8

* Until recently, HRT was widely prescribed for short term “symptom” relief of menopause, and for prevention of cardiovascular disease & osteoporosis * Recent findings, however, show that though HRT remains effective for osteoporosis, risk for heart disease, stroke & breast cancer is increased with HRT use. * More recent findings also suggested an increased risk for cognitive impairment in older women, & although a rare occurrence, with or without HRT, ovarian cancer. * Even more recent studies, however, have shown that these risks are variable depending on dosage, timing and type of therapy. * These conflicting results have led to some bad press for HRT, and a drastic decline in usage for a period as many decided the risks were not worth the benefit. That said, it has started to regain some popularity in recent years as scientists get a more nuanced understanding of the pros and cons of HRT.

Answer 9

* Atherosclerosis comes from the Greek words athero (meaning gruel or paste) and sclerosis (hardness). * It's the name of the process in which deposits of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium and other substances build up in the inner lining of an artery. This buildup is called plaque.

Answer 10

• Cholesterol is a soft, waxy substance found among the lipids (fats) in the bloodstream and in all your body's cells. • It's an important part of a healthy body because it's used to form cell membranes, some hormones and is needed for other functions. • LDL-C [Low Density Lipoprotein] A high level of LDL cholesterol creates increased risk of heart disease. • HDL-C [High Density Lipoprotein] A high HDL level seems to protect against heart attack. • Lipoproteins are proteins that combine with fats to transport them throughout the bloodstream. • Hydrogenation adds hydrogen to edible oils and converts them to saturated fats so that they maintain a solid form at room temperature. • When too much LDL-C cholesterol circulates in the blood, it can slowly build up in the inner walls of the arteries • HDL-C tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it's passed from the body. Some experts believe that HDL-C removes excess cholesterol from plaque in arteries, thus slowing the buildup How to get Low Cholesterol: - Keeping dietary intake of saturated fats low can significantly lower dietary cholesterol. Choose lean cuts of meat & lower fat dairy products. - Foods containing polyunsaturated fats or monounsaturated fats are sources of HDL-C. Products like vegetable oils, non-hydrogenated margarine, fish: salmon, mackerel, trout, herring, sardines.

Answer 11

* Refers to a condition in which bones become thin, brittle, fragile, and prone to fractures. Estimates are that 25% - 40% of postmenopausal women will develop osteoporosis. * By age 70, both females and males experience osteoporosis to same extent. Osteoporosis is associated with diminishment in estrogen production. * Caucasians and Asians, and people with smaller bone mass are more prone to osteoporosis. Factors that promote bone mass are: >Adequate dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D >Physical exercise >Estrogen replacement therapy (assess risk/benefit).

Answer 12

* Often begins around age 40 * Characterized by blurring of close vision. * Occurs as a result of a stiffening of tissues in the eye’s lens, which makes it more difficult to focus on near objects.

Answer 13

* A period of reflection & reappraisal * A change in time perspective: people begin to think in terms of “time left” rather than “time since birth” * May feel depressed/incomplete; regret about current lifestyle and unaccomplished or unmet goals/ideals. A sense of unfulfillment * Research doesn’t show an increase in mental health disturbances during middle adulthood that can be accounted for by midlife crisis. It does not seem to be extraordinarily stressful, beyond experiences during other stages of development. * Some suggest that midlife crisis occurs for about 1/3 of males, commonly emerging around 40-45 years of age. * These tend to be middle class, western males.

Module 5.2 Flashcards

(37 cards)