module 7 adulthood Flashcards

Question

cons of low-carb, high-protein, high-fat diets

Answer 1

Can be high in saturated fat Low in carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and fiber Not practical long-term

Answer 2

fruits and veggies without fertilizers, radiation, GMOs farm animals without growth hormones, antibiotics, non-organic feed

Answer 3

While organic foods have fewer synthetic pesticides and fertilizers and are free of hormones and antibiotics, they don't appear to have a nutritional advantage over their conventional counterparts

Answer 4

sodium and sugar

Answer 5

class I: BMI: 30-34.9 class II: BMI: 35-39.9 class III: BMI: >40

Answer 6

Athletes with increased muscle mass Sedentary individuals with increased muscle mass & increased fat depots Individuals with dense, large bones Dehydrated or over-hydrated individuals Asian and Pacific Islanders may require a lower BMI cutoff for disease

Answer 7

distribution of body fat

Answer 8

protected from negative effects of obesity

Answer 9

Appropriate timing Ask: if ok to discuss, if want to lose weight, thoughts on how to achieve Brief discussion -> 5% weight loss at 1 yr more likely If someone is fine where they are, that is okay! Meet patient where they are Patients may get overwhelmed by having too much weight to lose (losing 5-10% of weight can be significant)

Answer 10

Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action & maintenance, relapse; stages are cyclical and dynamic

Answer 11

Student trainees in many health disciplines and providers use terms such as “lazy, noncompliant, stupid” to describe patients with obesity Steps for providers/educators: Do not attribute all problems to excess weight Be aware that weight stigma is not an effective motivator for patients Be aware of example we set for healthcare trainees Throughout med school, weight bias increased!

Answer 12

Speech People-first language: patient with obesity NOT obese patient Avoid hurtful comments or jokes Space: Sturdy, armless chairs/high firm sofas/sturdy, wide exam tables Extra-large patient gowns Reading materials focusing on healthy habits, not looks or being “thin” Equipment: Scales to measure over 400 pounds Large adult or thigh blood pressure cuffs

Answer 13

Length of overweight? Highest weight? Why they want to lose weight? Increase mobility, resolve comorbid conditions, decrease medications, decrease risk of peri-operative complications, example for children Precipitating factors? Pregnancy, menopause, change in job/home, COVID pandemic Periods of rapid weight gain? Medications which increase body weight? History of weight loss attempts and efficacy? Diets (structured/self-directed), medications (OTC or Rx) Current dietary intake, physical activity PMHx: weight-related comorbidities Family Hx: overweight, diabetes, thyroid dz

Answer 14

vitals, facial features, mouth, neck (dorsal fat pads), skin, muscle weakness (sit to standing without hands), neurological

Answer 15

all types of diets have same weightloss compliance is what matters!

Answer 16

Food insecurity: 11.8% of American households affected Low or fixed income Reliance on food pantries Food swamps: high-density of stores selling high-calorie fast food and junk food, relative to healthier choices (i.e. supermarkets w/ affordable high-quality fruits/vegetables)

Answer 17

Meal replacements: SNAP benefit eligible, Costco (discount warehouses) Food swamps (encourage frozen veggies, in-season produce, green cart’s, farmer’s markets) Food pantry goods: rinse off salt/sugar for canned items DM patients: consume carbohydrate portion of meal last to improve postprandial glycemia

Answer 18

lower postprandial glucose and insulin excursions in type II diabetes

Answer 19

Intensify therapy if unable to meet health/wt loss goals, lifestyle -> pharmacotherapy -> medical devices -> bariatric surgery

module 7 adulthood Flashcards

(43 cards)