module 9 microbiome

Question 1

microbiome location

Answer 1

within the gut and GI tract

Question 2

metagenome

Answer 2

the collection of genomes and genes from the members of a microbiota

Question 3

metabolome

Answer 3

the metabolic products of the microbiome

Question 4

microbiota

Answer 4

the assemblage of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea or lower eukaryotes…) present in a defined environment (used interchangeably with microbiome)

Question 5

most common phylum of bacteria found in the microbiome

Answer 5

Firmicutes (51%) and Bacteroidetes (48%)

Question 6

most common genus of bacteria found in the microbiome

Answer 6

Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus

Question 7

2 factors driving inter-individual differences in microbiome across people

Answer 7

diet and lifestyle

Question 8

can there be short term change in the microbiome initiated by diet?

Answer 8

yes, but only a drastic dietary change, such as going from eating meat to fully vegan

Question 9

5 most prominent factors affecting microbiome early in life

Answer 9

age, birth mode, infant feeding, diet, antibiotics

Question 10

dietary fat content can (increase/reduce) Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria

Answer 10

reduce

Question 11

increasing antibiotics prescriptions in children (increase/decrease) risk of obesity

Answer 11

increase

Question 12

microbiome gut-liver axis is (uni/bi)directional

Answer 12

bi

Question 13

microbiome gut-brain axis is (uni/bi)directional

Answer 13

bi

Question 14

role of microbiome in NAFLD

Answer 14

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, alterations of composition, impaired gut barrier function, and microbiota triggered cytokine release of TNF-alpha

Question 15

high fat diet (increases/decreases) intestinal impermeability.

Answer 15

decreases

Question 16

Microbiota are involved in
a) calorie extraction
b) immune activation
c) bile acid metabolism
d) all of the above

Answer 16

d) all of the above

Question 17

what is gut permeability

Answer 17

the gut’s ability to absorb water and nutrients

Question 18

Bariatric surgery (increases/decreases) the diversity of microbiota

Answer 18

increases

Question 19

Greater diversity and number of organisms as you move toward the (proximal/distal) end of the tract

Answer 19

distal

Question 20

metabolic roles of microbiome

Answer 20

short chain fatty acids, bile acid metabolism, drug metabolism

Question 21

roles of gut microbiome

Answer 21

development and integrity of the gut barrier, central nervous system, and enteric neuromuscular apparatus

Question 22

microbiome (produces/inhibits) metabolites that directly influence the CNS

Answer 22

produces