Flashcards in module one Deck (78)
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1
what were the parts of humanism
spic
secularism
power
individualism
classics
2
who was affected by the renaissance culture
5% of the population
artists
scholars
nobles
3
serfdom
equivalent to feudalism
4
marriage
-families needed to give permission to men to marry at 30
- married for economic benefit
-women married in her teens
5
lorenzo da medici
florence
-lorenzo the magnificent
-wealthy bankers
-commisioned michelangelo
6
Johannes guttenburg
-came up of the steel letters
-part of the invention of the printing press
-used relief carving (de Vinci, Michelangelo, donatello)
7
china
-most inventions made the inventions
-they didn’t utilize the technology that they created
-inventions defused to Europe
-they were poor
8
printing press
-printed 12 copies of the guttenburg bible
-1454-1456
9
literacy
-informed citizens
-secret politics of the mind (make opinions before talking to people)
10
jan van eyck
-used oil paints
-had multiple thin layers to make textures
11
albrekt durer
-sculpture
-german
-relieve carving
12
Michelangelo
-commissioned by pope julius the second
-painted the sistine chapel
-david
-contrapasta stance
-15 to 16 centuries
13
david
-first was carved in bronze by Donatello (nutella- brown=brown)
-then carved by Michelangelo
14
fillipo brunelleschi
-architect
-created a dome in florence
-known for use of linear perspective
15
main concepts of renaissance architecture
-balance
-symmetry
-domes
-columns
-proportions
16
main concepts of renaissance art (cpr, dbc)
-classical themes (biblical, roman, greek)
-color
-realism
-depth
-balance
-perspective
17
john wycliff
-opposed papal authority
-john hus was one of his first followers
18
hansiatic league (HANSA)
-have a monopoly over the baltic maritime trade
-trade agreement with northern european countries (germany to estonia)
19
northern vs italian
-italians (art focused on the human form) (more secular) (individualism- individual should advance themselves in society as much as they could)
-northern (art was more religious) (each individual should better themselves to help the society)
-both had emphasis on the classics
20
jacob burkhardt
-coined the term renaissance
-historian
-“rebirth”
21
ferdinand & isabela (catholic monarchs)
-new monarchs of spain
-married to united argon & castle (1469)
-spain was till not unified
-religion finally unified spain (christianity)
-converted jews & muslims to catholics
-spain’s economy went down the drain
22
peace of lodi (april 9, 1454)
peace of lodi (april 9, 1454)
-peace agreement between naples, florence, milan
-rise of diplomacy (forced the italian city states to communication) (talk without fighting)
-insured the peace among city states
-set the stage for no wars during the high renaissance
23
5 italian powers
-venice
-florence
-milan
-naples
-papal states
24
florence
-inland
-enormous wealth
-merchants & banker
-profits from banking were put straight to the urban industry (growing cities & commissioning art)
-leader in renaissance art (because of the wealth)
-birth place of the renaissance
25
byzantine empire
-after the fall of the roman empire (1,000 years)
-constanpanople
-eastern part of the romain empire stayed strong (byzantine)
-ottoman turks in 1453
-byzantine empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, & military force in most of its existence
26
Francesco Petrarch
-father of humanism
-added latin words
-wrote poetry to laura
27
holy romain empire
-worked off of greek ideas & spread throughout europe
28
clergy
-church officials
-people who work for the church
-60% of clergy died because they helped people with the plague
29
pope julius the second
-the warrior pope
-involved with war & politics
30
new monarchs
-wanted to centralize power
-england
-henry the seventh
-france
-charles the seventh
31
chiaroscuro
-created during the renaissance
-form of shading
32
hundred years war (1337-1453)
-because of land rights, economic conflicts & disputes over the french throne
-both government manipulated hate for the other side
-battle of crecy 1346
-england raised whool prices 5 million dollars in debt
33
babylonean captivity
-70 years that biblical hebrews were held in captive in babylon
-french throne took hebrews to vignon
-led to the great schism
-france wanted to control clergy members
34
renaissance started in florence
-italian was rich
-textiles & banking
35
commune
-men seeking complete economic independence from local nobles (breaking free of feudalism
-italian cities
36
popolo (peasants)
-wanted power over communes
-used violence
-got rule by the way that they didn’t want to have people rule (violence)
37
signori
-politival organisation
-one ruler
38
oligarchy
-group of rulers
39
plutocracy (better term for oligarchy)
-top 1% wealthy people
-ex) florence medici family
40
the prince
-modled after caesar borgia (ruled papal states)
41
italian cities invaded
-they always turned on each other so no big alliances
-big countries knew the states were very vulnerable
-idependantly wealthy
42
savon arola
-gave sermons appeal to the ordinary
-praised the power of the church
43
leon battista alberti
-men can do all things if they would
-we could be more god like or like animals
-believed women should stay at home
44
pico (like leon)
-wrote on the dignity of man
-thought that men should be prideful
45
lorenza valla
-donation to constatine was false (the church thought was real & gave power to the clergy)
-ended up weakening papal control
46
who became the leader in the renaissance after italy fell
rome
47
massaccio
-father of modern painfting
-use of light & dark
48
artists status rose greatly
-artists knew the importance of their work
-boasted about it
49
leonardo de vinci
-listed as a master of art
-only 20 at the time
-one of the smartest of all time
-engineer
-maybe homosexual
-milan
-military engineer for caesar borgia
-died in the arms of the king
50
laura ceretta
-believed that women don’t live up to their own potential
51
slave trade created opions about black inferiority
-it was easy to trade black people
-africa was very poor at the time
52
quirreles de femmes
-fight about women
-women’s role is bad in society
53
popular view about female rulers
-thought that they were inferior to men
54
clock
-stimulated quantification of time
-change the mindset to do more in the day
-didnt invent the clock
55
status of women
-domestic chores
-textile
-less power than women than in the feudle stage
-cared for people
-entertain
-planned activities for the house hold
56
overall women’s status
-decreased in nobles
-viewed as objects of art
-pawn for money & economic advantage
57
office of the night
-group of people who wanted to ban the people from being homosexual
58
blackness
-symbolized hostile forces of the underground world
59
erasmus (christmas)
-wrote praise of folly (all the bad things of a church shown through a girl)
-everyone should be able & willing to read the bible
-themes- education is good
-core of education is around the bible
-church was great
-didnt believe in the clergy
60
luis the 11
-spider king
-money is the answer
-timely death of other rulers gave him power
-severe taxation
61
star chamber
-group of people who replaced parlament
-middle class
-reduce power of nobles
-wrongly accuse nobles
-torture them
62
reconquista
-northern kingdoms to control peninsulas
63
new christian
-old jews & muslims (by blood)
-forced to
64
1450-1650
-reconassance, discovery, &expansion
65
jerusalem
-christianity
-judiasm
-islam
crusades
-catholic church trying to regain jerusalem
-trying to get religious expansion
-irradentism (reclaiming their homeland)
66
-11-13 centuries
-ottoman turks 1450
-1453 ottoman turks catured constanople
67
portugal
-overlooked but still a huge part of european exploration
-wanted a route to trade spices with india
-prester john (legandary christian king)
thought to rule over europe
legend
-king
henry the navigator
-navigation school
-gold from sudan & gana
-controlled gold imports
-main port was lisbon (capital)
-seized muslim ports with cannons
68
spain-
-looked for riches & christianity
69
christopher columbus
-complete ass
-looking for india
-brought slaves
70
aztec empire
-cortez conquered
71
incas empire
-pizzaro conquered
72
magellan
-sailed around the world
-died before he finished
-route to find spices
-found that the earth is round
73
treaty of tordecillas
-devided new world between protugal & spain
74
conquisadors
-hired by spain
-conquered the new world
75
encomianda (arrangement)
-land & native americans to worlk for them
-they needed to preach christianity
76
1492
-jews from spain went to netherlands
-netherlands then had a huge economic boost
77
war of the roses
-lancaster vs. yorks
-lancasters/ tutors won
-henry tutor renamed himself henry the seventh when he took the throne
78
