Flashcards in unit one- renaissance Deck (26)
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1
renaissance
1400-1600
- intellectual basis was humanism
- "rebirth"
-derived from the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy
-began in Florence
2
The High Renaissance
1450-1527
3
Isabella d'Este
-"first lady" of the Renaissance.
-major cultural/political figure from Mantua
-patron of the arts and fashion
-served briefly as leader in Mantua in the absence of her husband, went on diplomatic trips, etc.
4
Cosimo de Medici and his family
-The first of the Medici political dynasty in Florence
-power derived from immense wealth as a banker
-controlled gov by gaining support bc of banking
-remained citizens rather than monarchs.
5
Humanism
-revival of antiquity
-study of the classics
-system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters.
-Humanist stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.
-SPIC- secularism, power, individualism, classics.
6
Who was affected by the Renaissance culture?
-95% of Europeans were UNAFFECTED by the renaissance.
-Only the upper class, scholars, and artists were truly influenced by the changes.
7
Status of women
upper class- status declines
middle- no effect
low- no effect
8
Johannes Gutenberg
-Gutenberg aided in the creation of the printing press.
-used steel plates to carve the letters
-1454-1456 (creation of printing press)
-brought about literacy, informed citizens, and the "secret politics" of the mind.
9
Renaissance Architecture key aspects
-balance
-domes
-columns
-symmetry
-proportion
modeled after classical greek and roman buildings.
10
Renaissance Art Key Aspects
-vivid, bright color
-perspective
-realism
-depth
-balance
-classical themes
11
John Wyclif
-one of the earliest opponents to papal authority- rebellious movement against papal authority
-anticlerical and biblical-centered reforms
12
Hanseatic League (HANSA)
-monopoly over the baltic maritime trade
-trade agreement with northern european countries (germany to estonia)
-a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns.
-during the Late Middle Ages and early modern period (c. 13th to 17th centuries).
-created to protect economic interests and diplomatic privileges
13
Northern Renaissance
-came much later
-art was more religious
-advanced broad social reforms (not only individualism)
(overall change in society through change in the individual)
-emphasis on the classics
-more focused on color in art than form
-believed each individual should better themselves to help the society
14
Italian Renaissance
-came first
-humanism and glorification of human life (focused on the human form)
-classical texts, individualism, more focused on form and realism in art
15
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
-monarchs who married (1469)
-created the union of Castile and Aragon
-formed the Kingdom of Spain
-"Catholic Monarchs"
-very powerful duo
16
Florence
-inland city
-enormous wealth
-merchants and bankers
-profits put into urban industries
-major leader in renaissance art
17
Byzantine Empire
-eastern part of the Roman Empire
-during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
-capital city was Constantinople.
-survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century
-continued to exist for a thousand years
-fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453
-was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe for most of its existence
18
Francesco Petrarch
-1304-1394
-"Father of Humanism"
-writing used to shape modern latin,
-Laura (idealized lover)
19
Slavery
-slavery rose after black death due to labor shortages
-price increased
-strong lords could satisfy needs of their estates
-profitable exchange for merchants
-began to import black/sub-saharan slaves
-symbol of wealth and entertainment
-associated black slaves with the devil (darkness) since god was light
20
serfdom/ serfs
-status of peasants under feudalism
-surfs who occupied a plot of land were required to work for the lord and in return were entitled to protection and justice within the manor
-lowest class of feudal society
21
feudalism
-dominant social system
-nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service
-serfs were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, in exchange for military protection.
22
John Hus
-religious reform
-thought people should be able to read the Bible in their own language
-opposed the tyranny of the Roman church
-Hus was burned at the stake for heresy in 1415
23
individualism
-belief that the individual should advance themselves in society as much as they could
24
peace of lodi (april 9, 1454)
peace of lodi (april 9, 1454)
-peace agreement between naples, florence, milan
-rise of diplomacy (forced the italian city states to communication) (talk without fighting)
-insured the peace among city states
-set the stage for no wars during the high renaissance
25
5 italian powers
-venice
-florence
-milan
-naples
-papal states
26
