unit one- renaissance

Question 1

renaissance

Answer 1

1400-1600

• intellectual basis was humanism
• “rebirth”
• derived from the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy
• began in Florence

Question 2

The High Renaissance

Answer 2

1450-1527

Question 3

Isabella d’Este

Answer 3

• “first lady” of the Renaissance.
• major cultural/political figure from Mantua
• patron of the arts and fashion
• served briefly as leader in Mantua in the absence of her husband, went on diplomatic trips, etc.

Question 4

Cosimo de Medici and his family

Answer 4

• The first of the Medici political dynasty in Florence
• power derived from immense wealth as a banker
• controlled gov by gaining support bc of banking
• remained citizens rather than monarchs.

Question 5

Humanism

Answer 5

• revival of antiquity
• study of the classics
• system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters.
• Humanist stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.
• SPIC- secularism, power, individualism, classics.

Question 6

Who was affected by the Renaissance culture?

Answer 6

• 95% of Europeans were UNAFFECTED by the renaissance.

- Only the upper class, scholars, and artists were truly influenced by the changes.

Question 7

Status of women

Answer 7

upper class- status declines
middle- no effect
low- no effect

Question 8

Johannes Gutenberg

Answer 8

• Gutenberg aided in the creation of the printing press.
• used steel plates to carve the letters
• 1454-1456 (creation of printing press)
• brought about literacy, informed citizens, and the “secret politics” of the mind.

Question 9

Renaissance Architecture key aspects

Answer 9

• balance
• domes
• columns
• symmetry
• proportion

modeled after classical greek and roman buildings.

Question 10

Renaissance Art Key Aspects

Answer 10

• vivid, bright color
• perspective
• realism
• depth
• balance
• classical themes

Question 11

John Wyclif

Answer 11

• one of the earliest opponents to papal authority- rebellious movement against papal authority
• anticlerical and biblical-centered reforms

Question 12

Hanseatic League (HANSA)

Answer 12

• monopoly over the baltic maritime trade
• trade agreement with northern european countries (germany to estonia)
• a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns.
• during the Late Middle Ages and early modern period (c. 13th to 17th centuries).
• created to protect economic interests and diplomatic privileges

Question 13

Northern Renaissance

Answer 13

-came much later
-art was more religious
-advanced broad social reforms (not only individualism)
(overall change in society through change in the individual)
-emphasis on the classics
-more focused on color in art than form
-believed each individual should better themselves to help the society

Question 14

Italian Renaissance

Answer 14

• came first
• humanism and glorification of human life (focused on the human form)
• classical texts, individualism, more focused on form and realism in art

Question 15

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

Answer 15

• monarchs who married (1469)
• created the union of Castile and Aragon
• formed the Kingdom of Spain
• “Catholic Monarchs”
• very powerful duo

Question 16

Florence

Answer 16

• inland city
• enormous wealth
• merchants and bankers
• profits put into urban industries
• major leader in renaissance art

Question 17

Byzantine Empire

Answer 17

• eastern part of the Roman Empire
• during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
• capital city was Constantinople.
• survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century
• continued to exist for a thousand years
• fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453
• was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe for most of its existence

Question 18

Francesco Petrarch

Answer 18

• 1304-1394
• “Father of Humanism”
• writing used to shape modern latin,
• Laura (idealized lover)

Question 19

Slavery

Answer 19

• slavery rose after black death due to labor shortages
• price increased
• strong lords could satisfy needs of their estates
• profitable exchange for merchants
• began to import black/sub-saharan slaves
• symbol of wealth and entertainment
• associated black slaves with the devil (darkness) since god was light

Question 20

serfdom/ serfs

Answer 20

• status of peasants under feudalism
• surfs who occupied a plot of land were required to work for the lord and in return were entitled to protection and justice within the manor
• lowest class of feudal society

Question 21

feudalism

Answer 21

• dominant social system
• nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service
• serfs were obliged to live on their lord’s land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, in exchange for military protection.

Question 22

John Hus

Answer 22

• religious reform
• thought people should be able to read the Bible in their own language
• opposed the tyranny of the Roman church
• Hus was burned at the stake for heresy in 1415

Question 23

individualism

Answer 23

-belief that the individual should advance themselves in society as much as they could

Question 24

peace of lodi (april 9, 1454)

Answer 24

peace of lodi (april 9, 1454)

• peace agreement between naples, florence, milan
• rise of diplomacy (forced the italian city states to communication) (talk without fighting)
• insured the peace among city states
• set the stage for no wars during the high renaissance

Question 25

5 italian powers

Answer 25

- venice - florence - milan - naples - papal states

Question 26

hundred years war (1337-1453)

Answer 26

- because of land rights, economic conflicts & disputes over the french throne - both government manipulated hate for the other side - battle of crecy 1346 - england raised whool prices 5 million dollars in debt