Module One, Lecture Four

Question 1

What is the Endomembrane System?

Answer 1

A network of interconnected membranes and organelles within eukaryotic cells, that modify, package, and transport lipids and protiens

Question 2

What are the key organelles of the Enomembrane System? ( 7 )

Answer 2

1. Nuclear Envelope
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum ( Smooth and Rough )
3. Golgi Apparatus
4. Vesicles
5. Lysosomes
6. Vacuoles
7. Plasma Membrane

Question 3

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 3

Network of membranes found within the cytoplasm of Eukaryotic cells

Question 4

What is the structure of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 4

A series of flattened sacs, connected by tubules, and divided into two regions ( smooth and rough )

Question 5

What gives the rER its name?

Answer 5

The ribosomes give it its rough appearance

Question 6

How do you move proteins out of the cell? ( 3 )

Answer 6

1. Synthesise in the ER
2. Tag and Package in the Golgi Complex
3. Deliver in / out of the vesicles

Question 7

What is the space within the ER called?

Answer 7

Lumen

Question 8

What are the key functions of smooth ER? ( 4 )

Answer 8

1. Metabolises Carbohydrates
2. Synthesise Lipids for membranes
3. Detoxify Toxins
4. Store Calcium Ions

Question 9

What are the key functions of Rough ER? ( 3 )

Answer 9

1. Protein Synthesis
2. Protein Folding
3. Transport of Proteins and Membranes within the cell

Question 10

What is the Golgi Complex?

Answer 10

A membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells; processes, packages, and modifies proteins and other molecules

Question 11

What is a key function of the Golgi Complex?

Answer 11

Has polarity; Vesicles from ER arrive at the Cis face. Once processed vesicles leave at the Trans face

Question 12

What is Bulk Transport?

Answer 12

Process which allows lots of substances to pass through the cell membrane in one place, at the same time

Question 13

What is Endocytosis?

Answer 13

The intake of material from the outside of the cell into the cell

Question 14

What is Exocytosis?

Answer 14

The release of material from inside the cell to the outside of the cell

Question 15

What are the types of Endocytosis? ( 2 )

Answer 15

1. Phagocytosis ‘Cell Eating’
2. Pinocytosis ‘Cell Drinking’

Question 16

What are Vacuoles?

Answer 16

Membrane-bound organelles that function as storage sacs, primarily fro water, nutrients, and waste products

Question 17

What are Lysosomes?

Answer 17

Membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes

Question 18

What do Lysosomes do?

Answer 18

Autophagy; Digest and recycle unwanted cells