Module Two, Lecture Twelve Flashcards
Gene Expression - Translation (10 cards)
What is DNA Synthesis?
The process where a new strand of DNA is created using an existing DNA template. Both DNA strands are used as template strands in DNA replication
What is the Purpose of DNA Synthesis?
DNA synthesis ensures that each new cell formed during cell division contains a complete set of genetic instructions
What is DNA Synthesis crucial for? ( 4 )
- Cell division
- DNA repair
- Genetic replication
- Artificial DNA synthesis, allowing scientists to create DNA molecules of virtually any sequence
What are the Phases of DNA Synthesis? ( 4 )
- Helicase
- DNA Polymerase
- Primase
- Ligase
What is the purpose of the Helicase “The Unzipping Enzyme”? ( 2 )
- Uses ATP hydrolysis to separate double-stranded DNA or RNA into single strands
- It breaks through the hydrogen bonds that hold the DNA bases together
What is the purpose of DNA Polymerase “The Builder Enzyme”? ( 2 )
- Replicates DNA molecules to build a new strand of DNA
- Only builds a new strand in the 5’ - 3’ direction ( leading strand )
What is the purpose of the Primase “The Initialiser”? ( 1 )
- Makes the primer for DNA Polymerase to figure out where to build a new DNA strand
What is the purpose of the Ligase “The Gluer”? ( 1 )
- Pieces DNA fragments together
When can DNA errors be repaired? ( 2 )
- During Replication using EXOnuclease
- After Replication using Endonuclease
What is the importance of correcting DNA Errors? ( 3 )
- If not corrected, the DNA error becomes part of the DNA template
- Permanent DNA change
- E.g. DNA damage / Mutation