Module Two, Lecture Twelve Flashcards

Gene Expression - Translation (10 cards)

1
Q

What is DNA Synthesis?

A

The process where a new strand of DNA is created using an existing DNA template. Both DNA strands are used as template strands in DNA replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Purpose of DNA Synthesis?

A

DNA synthesis ensures that each new cell formed during cell division contains a complete set of genetic instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is DNA Synthesis crucial for? ( 4 )

A
  1. Cell division
  2. DNA repair
  3. Genetic replication
  4. Artificial DNA synthesis, allowing scientists to create DNA molecules of virtually any sequence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the Phases of DNA Synthesis? ( 4 )

A
  1. Helicase
  2. DNA Polymerase
  3. Primase
  4. Ligase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the purpose of the Helicase “The Unzipping Enzyme”? ( 2 )

A
  1. Uses ATP hydrolysis to separate double-stranded DNA or RNA into single strands
  2. It breaks through the hydrogen bonds that hold the DNA bases together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the purpose of DNA Polymerase “The Builder Enzyme”? ( 2 )

A
  1. Replicates DNA molecules to build a new strand of DNA
  2. Only builds a new strand in the 5’ - 3’ direction ( leading strand )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the purpose of the Primase “The Initialiser”? ( 1 )

A
  1. Makes the primer for DNA Polymerase to figure out where to build a new DNA strand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of the Ligase “The Gluer”? ( 1 )

A
  1. Pieces DNA fragments together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When can DNA errors be repaired? ( 2 )

A
  1. During Replication using EXOnuclease
  2. After Replication using Endonuclease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the importance of correcting DNA Errors? ( 3 )

A
  1. If not corrected, the DNA error becomes part of the DNA template
  2. Permanent DNA change
  3. E.g. DNA damage / Mutation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly