Modules 31-34 (lecture 9) Flashcards
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Instinct
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Physiological Need
A basic bodily requirement
Drive-Reduction Theory
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
Incentive
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
Yerkes-Dodson law
The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.
Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before people can fulfill their higher-level safety needs and then phycological needs. The bottom being physiological needs and the top being Self-actualization.
Glucose
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
Set Point
The point at which you “weight thermostat” may be set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight.
Basal Metabolic Rate
The body’s resting rate of energy output
Obesity
Defined as a BMI measurement of 30 or higher, which is calculated from our weight-to-height ratio.
Asexual
Having no sexual attraction toward others
Testosterone
The most important male sex hormone.
Estrogens
The most important female sex hormone
Sexual Response Cycle
The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson– Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, and Resolution
Refractory Period
A resting period that occurs after orgasm, during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm.
Sexual Dysfuntion
A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or function at any point in the sexual response cycle.
Erectile Disorder
Inability to develop or maintain an erection due to insufficient blood flow to the penis.
Female Orgasmic Disorder
Distress due to infrequently or never experiencing orgasm
Paraphilias
Sexual arousal from fantasies, behaviors, or urges involving nonhuman objects, the suffering of self or others, and/or nonconsenting persons.
AIDS
A life-threatening condition caused by HIV, a sexually transmitted infection. AIDS depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections
Sexual Orientation
The direction of our sexual attractions, as reflected in out longings and fantasies.
Affiliation Need
The need to build and maintain relationships and to feel part of a group
