Modules 7-9 (lecture 3)

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 2

Hypnosis

Answer 2

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Question 3

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 3

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Question 4

Selective Attention

Answer 4

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

Question 5

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 5

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Question 6

Change Blindness

Answer 6

Failing to notice changes in the environment; a form of “inattentional blindness”

Question 7

Dual Processing

Answer 7

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

Question 8

Blindsight

Answer 8

A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it.

Question 9

Parallel Processing

Answer 9

Processing many aspects of a stimulus or problem simultaneously.

Question 10

Sequential Processing

Answer 10

Processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time; generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems.

Question 11

Sleep

Answer 11

A periodic, natural loss of consciousness– as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.

Question 12

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 12

Our biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

Question 13

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

Answer 13

A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also Known as “Paradoxical Sleep” because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

Question 14

Alpha Waves

Answer 14

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Question 15

Hallucinations

Answer 15

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Question 16

Delta Waves

Answer 16

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Question 17

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Answer 17

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that control circadian rhythm. In response to light, it causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, this modifying our feelings of sleepiness

Question 18

Insomnia

Answer 18

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Question 19

Narcolepsy

Answer 19

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

Question 20

Sleep Apnea

Answer 20

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Question 21

Night Terrors

Answer 21

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified. unlike nightmares, these occur during N3 sleep. within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

Question 22

Dreams

Answer 22

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind

Question 23

Manifest Content

Answer 23

According to Freud, the symbolic, remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)

Question 24

Latent Content

Answer 24

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

Question 25

REM Rebound

Answer 25

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

Question 26

Psychoactive Drugs

Answer 26

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

Question 27

Substance Use Disorder

Answer 27

A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk

Question 28

Tolerance

Answer 28

Needing more substance for the desired effect

Question 29

Addiction

Answer 29

Compulsive or dysfunctional cravings in spite of known negative consequences

Question 30

Withdrawl

Answer 30

Having a reaction to not taking a substance

Question 31

Depressants

Answer 31

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Question 32

Alcohol Use Disorder

Answer 32

Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

Question 33

Barbiturates

Answer 33

Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

Question 34

Opiates

Answer 34

Morphine and heroin; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Question 35

Stimulants

Answer 35

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful cocaine, amphetamines, meth, and Ecstacy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

Question 36

Amphetamines

Answer 36

Drugs (such as meth) that stimulate neural activity, causing accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

Question 37

Nicotine

Answer 37

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

Question 38

Cocaine

Answer 38

A powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant; produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria

Question 39

Methamphetamine

Answer 39

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, reduces baseline dopamine levels.

Question 40

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Answer 40

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

Question 41

Hallucinogens

Answer 41

Psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Question 42

Near-Death Experience

Answer 42

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

Question 43

LSD

Answer 43

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid

Question 44

THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol)

Answer 44

The major active ingredient in marijuana triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

Question 45

Mechanism of action of Chantix

Answer 45

Binds to the receptors in the brain where nicotine normally binds.