Flashcards in Molecular Biology Deck (40)
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1
What is DNA composed of
Deoxyribonucleotides
2
What are the components of deixyribonucleotides
A purine or pyrimidine base
A deoxyribose sugar
A phosphate group
3
What is a nucleotide
A molecule with all the components of deoxyribonucleotides
4
What is a nucleoside
A molecule with only the first two components of a nucleotide but no phosphate group
5
How many rings does a purine base have
it has 2 rings
6
how many rings does a pyrimidine base have
it only has 1 ring
7
What is DNAs primary structure
Its the sequence of the base pairs
8
What is DNAs secondary structure
Formed by the complimentary base pairing of two strands of DNA
9
How does base pairing of the secondary DNA structure occur
Thro hydrogen bonding between a purine and pyrimidine base that matches up to provide optimal hydrogen bonding contact
10
What does the back bone of DNA hold
It has the sugars and phosphates
11
What are the steps for the central dogma of molecular biology
Replication, transcription, translation
12
What happens during replication for the central dogma
DNA synthesis or copying DNA
13
What happens during transcription of the cental dogma
DNA provides template for production of messenger RNA (mRNA)
14
What is mRNA
in essence it "reads" the info in DNA and brings it to the site of protein synthesis, the ribosome
15
What happens during Translation of the central dogma
Process by which the info carried in mRNA is used to make actual proteins
16
What does mRNA provide for protein building
a template for the amino acids carried by transfer RNA (tRNA) to be build into proteins of the correct sequence
17
Reverse transcription
Some virus which are able to take RNA and reverse the process to create DNA
18
Semi-conservative replication
When creating new strains of DNA each new strand with always have at least one older stand as well as a newer one
19
What does RNA contain as basic components
Same as DNA which is has a Base, sugar and phosphate
20
What are the two structural differences between RNA and DNA
The sugar in RNA contains a hydroxyl group at the 2' position
RNA does not contain the pyrimidine base thymine; it has the pyrimidine base of uracil
21
What differs in RNA compared to DNA with its secondary structure
Can use either intermolecular or intramolecular base pairing while DNA only has intermolecular base pairing
22
What can RNA do that DNA can not in terms of twisting and folding
DNA can only form double helix while RNA can Twist and fold in 3D forms to create tertiary structures
23
What are the different types of RNA and what are these based off of
based of their functions
Messenger RNA (mRNA); carries message from DNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA); brings amino acids to ribosome
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA); part of the ribosome
24
what is a Transcription event
production of RNA based off a DNA template
25
What is RNA-polmerase
An enzyme which binds to the DNA and finds a promoter
26
What is a Promoter that is found by RNA-polimerase
tells the enzyme that this is the start of a gene and where transcription should begin
27
What is a stop site found by RNA-polimerase
Signals the end of a gene and where transcription should end
28
What are introns
Part of RNA which are not expressed in the protein and need to be removed thro RNA splicing before translation
29
What are Exons
Part of the RNA which holds the coding regions for proteins
30
