Molecular Biology - Metabolism, Cell respiration and Photosynthesis

Question 1

Where does the calvin cycle take place?

Answer 1

stroma

Question 2

What is the point of regeneration?

Answer 2

to create RuB

Question 3

What are the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 3

Carbon Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration,

Question 4

What are the 3 fates of pyruvate?

Answer 4

1. Ethanol
2. Lactate
3. CoA

Question 5

What is PFK?

Answer 5

An enzyme,

Question 6

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 6

C6H12O2

Question 7

Where does cellular respiration occur?

Answer 7

Cytosol, mitochondria

Question 8

What do you have to add to atp to get the bond to break?

Answer 8

Water

Question 9

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 9

Nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphate

Question 10

What are the 5 nitrogenous bases?

Answer 10

Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
Thymine
Uracil

Question 11

What enzyme uses ATP to make energy?

Answer 11

ATPase

Question 12

Using redox reactions, what does it need to make ATP?

Answer 12

Glucose, Oxygen,

Question 13

What are coenzymes?

Answer 13

electron carriers, NAD+ (can accept 1 proton, 2 electrons), FAD (2 protons, 2 electrons)

Question 14

What is an inhibitor?

Answer 14

Competitive inhibitor fills enzyme, Non-Competitive changes allosteric site

Question 15

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 15

Cytosol

Question 16

How many ATP does Glycolysis make?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

How many ATP are made in the electron transport chain?

Answer 17

34

Question 18

What are the 2 phases of glycolysis?

Answer 18

Energy investment, energy payoff,

Question 19

What is the cyclic electron flow?

Answer 19

There is enough NADPH in the cell, so instead it makes ATP in the electron transport chain

Question 20

What are the 3 phases of cellular respiration?

Answer 20

Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, Electron transport chain,

Question 21

What is the final product of glycolysis?

Answer 21

pyruvate

Question 22

What is the point of the Kreb’s cycle?

Answer 22

Create FAD, NADH and CO2

Question 23

What are the two main products of the electron transport chain?

Answer 23

ATP, Water,

Question 24

What is the coenzyme / electron carrier for glycolysis?

Answer 24

NAD+

Question 25

How many ATP gets made in energy investment?

Answer 25

2

Question 26

How many ATP gets made in energy payoff?

Answer 26

4

Question 27

What is PFK for?

Answer 27

an enzyme, inhibited by citric acid and ATP

Question 28

What do you need PFK for?

Answer 28

Glycolysis

Question 29

What are the isomers during glycolysis?

Answer 29

PGAL

Question 30

What is an isomer?

Answer 30

same chemical formula, look different

Question 31

What is the role of DHAP?

Answer 31

Slow reaction, can rearrange into PGAL

Question 32

What is the role of PGAL?

Answer 32

intermediate step

Question 33

What is the intermediate step?

Answer 33

Rearranges pyruvate into acetyl coA

Question 34

What is Acetyl coA?

Answer 34

coenzyme a

Question 35

What is substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 35

ATP production

Question 36

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 36

adding a phosphate

Question 37

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 37

ATP synthase spinny thing

Question 38

What is the net gain from glycolysis?

Answer 38

net 2 ATP

Question 39

What are the 5 regulators of glycolysis?

Answer 39

``` Activity of enzymes pH concentration location of enzyme reaction coupling ```

Question 40

What is reaction coupling?

Answer 40

Sugar is oxidized, electron and hydrogen is coupled to NAD+ -> NADH

Question 41

What is ATP?

Answer 41

adenine triphosphate