Human Physiology - Gas Exchange

Question 1

What is a type 1 pneumocyte?

Answer 1

cells responsible for gas exchange in the alveoli

Question 2

What is a type 2 pneumocyte?

Answer 2

cells that secrete surfactant

Question 3

What is surfactant?

Answer 3

substance secreted by type 2 pneumocytes that reduces surface tension and prevents alveolar cells from collapsing on each other

Question 4

What is inspiration?

Answer 4

breathing in

Question 5

What is expiration?

Answer 5

breathing out

Question 6

What are the internal intercostal muscles?

Answer 6

inner muscles between ribs that cause the rib cage to contract

Question 7

What are the external intercostal muscles?

Answer 7

outer muscles in between robs that cause the rib cage to expand

Question 8

What are chemoreceptors in respiration?

Answer 8

cells that detect the variation of oxygen and CO2 in arterial blood

Question 9

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 9

protein responsible for transporting oxygen or CO2

Question 10

what is total lung capacity?

Answer 10

the total capacity of air your lungs can hold

Question 11

What is vital capacity?

Answer 11

the greatest possible volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath

Question 12

What is residual volume?

Answer 12

amount of air left in the lungs after a forced expiration

Question 13

What is tidal volume?

Answer 13

difference between volumes after a normal inhalation and a normal expiration

Question 14

What is expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 14

maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after normal expiration

Question 15

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 15

maximum amount of additional air that can be drawn into the lungs by determined effort after normal inspiration

Question 16

What is diffusion?

Answer 16

movement from high concentration to low concentration

Question 17

What is carbonic anhydrase?

Answer 17

enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of dissolved bicarbonates and carbon dioxide

Question 18

What is the nasopharynx?

Answer 18

piece of pharynx connected to the nasal cavity; connects to the oropharynx

Question 19

What is the oropharynx

Answer 19

piece of pharynx connected to the oral cavity; connects to the nasopharynx

Question 20

What is the trachea?

Answer 20

tube reinforced with rings of cartilage connecting larynx to bronchus

Question 21

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 21

piece of cartilage that separates the wind pipe and esophagus when swallowing

Question 22

What are the bronchi?

Answer 22

branches off the major air passages to the lungs

Question 23

What are the bronchioles?

Answer 23

minute branches of the bronchi

Question 24

What are the alveolus?

Answer 24

tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

Question 25

What is the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 25

epithelium lining the respiratory tract, meant to moisten and protect airways

Question 26

How does gas exchange of oxygen happen between the alveoli and the blood stream?

Answer 26

pressure differentiation, low pressure of oxygen in the blood and high pressure in the alveoli

Question 27

How does gas exchange of carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood stream?

Answer 27

high pressure of carbon dioxide on hemoglobin, low pressure of carbon dioxide in the alvoli

Question 28

How is energy released from organic molecules?

Answer 28

energy released from breaking bonds is used to make ATP

Question 29

What is the oxyhemoglobin curve?

Answer 29

describes relationship between oxygen saturation in blood and pressure of oxygen in the blood to determine hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen

Question 30

How does a change in pH impact the oxyhemoglobin curve?

Answer 30

decrease in pH makes curve shift right

Question 31

How does change in temperature impact the oxyhemoglobin curve?

Answer 31

increase in temperature makes curve shift right

Question 32

What is the chloride shift?

Answer 32

exchange of bicarbonate and chloride onto hemoglobin

Question 33

What is acclimation to a higher altitude?

Answer 33

oxygen has less pressure at a higher altitude, so body produces more red blood cells to carry oxygen, to account for this