Molecular Diagnostics DNA Fingerprinting

Question 1

What percent of the human genome is the same?

Answer 1

99.9%

Question 2

DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA __________ and DNA _________

Answer 2

DNA profiling
and
DNA typing

Question 3

Applications for DNA fingerprinting (4)

Answer 3

• Forensics
• Paternity
• Identification in mass disasters
• Historical investigations

Question 4

Terminology:
Variations of DNA sequences that are shared by a certain percentage of a population (~1-2%)

Answer 4

Polymorphisms

Question 5

Type of polymorphism:
A 1 base pair variation from a reference DNA sequence

Answer 5

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

Question 6

Type of polymorphism:
1 or more nucleotide changes that affect the size of restriction enzyme products

Answer 6

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)

Question 7

Type of polymorphism:
Repeats of DNA sequences with 10 to 50 base pair repeat units

Answer 7

Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs)

Question 8

Type of polymorphism:
Repeats of DNA sequences with less than 10 base pair repeat units

Answer 8

Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)

Question 9

Which polymorphism were the original DNA targets used for fingerprinting?

Answer 9

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)

Question 10

With these polymorphisms, restriction enzymes digest DNA

Answer 10

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)

Question 11

Which blotting technique is used with RFLPs?

Answer 11

Southern blot

Question 12

These polymorphisms are observed as differences in the sizes and number of fragments generated by restriction enzyme digestion of DNA

Answer 12

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)

Question 13

This picture depicts which polymorphism?

Answer 13

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)

Question 14

These polymorphisms are sequences in non-coding regions of DNA ranging from 10-50+ nucleotides long

Answer 14

Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs)

Question 15

These polymorphisms are also known as minisatellites or minisatellite DNA

Answer 15

Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs)

Question 16

TRUE or FALSE:
VNTRs can be performed in 24-48 hours whereas STRs can take several days

Answer 16

FALSE
STRs take 24-48 hours
VNTRs take several days

Question 17

Polymorphisms that are also known as microsatellites or microsatellite DNA

Answer 17

Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)

Question 18

Which polymorphism is most useful in forensics due to being able to yield information from less-than-optimal specimens?

Answer 18

Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)

Question 19

Terminology:
A Federally maintained database of DNA obtained from crime scenes and convicted violent offenders

Answer 19

Combined DNA Index System (CoDIS)

Question 20

The 13 “core” STR loci on various chromosomes that the FBI adopted can also analyze the amelogenin locus. What is this?

Answer 20

Determines gender - X & Y chromosome have different size PCR products