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Bacteriology and Mycology > Moraxella / Bordetella / Ornithobacterium > Flashcards

Moraxella / Bordetella / Ornithobacterium Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is the habitat of Moraxella bovis & M. bovoculi?

A
  • Ocular membranes of cattle
    • Nearly obligate parasite
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2
Q

What is the distribution of Moraxella bovis?

A

World wide

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3
Q

What are the predisposing factors for Moraxella spp?

A
  • Dry, dusty, hot weather
  • UV radiation
  • IBR - Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus
    • can cause conjunctivitis by itself, more severe in conjunction with Moraxella
  • Pollen
  • Vit A deficiency
  • Other bacteria acting as secondary invaders in pink eye
    • Truperella pyogenes, E. coli, P. multocida, Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp., Mycosplasma spp., Ureoplasma sp
  • Nematodes - Thelazia
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4
Q

What is the morphology of Moraxella bovis?

A
  • Gram negative, coccobacilli
    • tend to be Gram-variable
    • short rods in pairs - diplobacillus
  • Aerobic
  • Circular, smooth, moist colonies
    • Somewhat flat
    • Narrow zone of complete hemolysis
    • some strains non-hemolytic
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5
Q

What are the antigenic factors of Moraxella bovis?

A
  • One Serotype on somatic antigen
  • 7 pilus antigen types
    • 3 & 4 more common
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6
Q

What is the resistance and susceptibility of Moraxella bovis?

A
  • Very susceptible to:
    • antimicrobial agents
    • Disinfectants
    • Environmental conditions
  • Nearly obligate parasite
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7
Q

What mediums does Moraxella bovis grow on?

A
  • Grows well on Blood agar
  • Does NOT grow on MacConkey
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8
Q

What are the mechanisms of pathogenicity of Moraxella bovis?

A
  • Hemolysin
    • RTX toxin, exotoxin
  • Endotoxin
  • Cytotoxin - to bovine neutrophils
  • Hyaluronidase
  • Capsule
  • Pili (adhesin)
    • 7 distinct types
  • Iron-regulated proteins
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9
Q

What diseases does Moraxella bovis cause?

A
  • Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (Pink eye)
    • infects conjunctiva, extends o cornea
    • Clouding of cornea and possible ulcerations
    • May result in permanent blindness
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10
Q

What disease does Moraxella ovis cause?

A

Pink eye in sheep

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11
Q

What is the nature of Moraxella bovis infections?

A

suppurtive

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12
Q

What is the morbidity / mortality of Moraxella bovis?

A
  • Morbidity high (>80%)
  • Mortality Low
    • reduced weight gain
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13
Q

Does Moraxella bovis affect lab animals?

A
  • Guinea pigs
  • gerbils
  • Hamsters
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14
Q

Is Moraxella bovis of public health concern?

A
  • No
  • Pink eye in humans caused by a virus
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15
Q

How do you control Moraxella bovis transmission?

A
  • Control face flies
  • Dark stalls, free from dust and flies
  • vaccines-
    • several
    • piliated strains
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16
Q

How is a Moraxella bovis infection treated?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Sulfas
  • Steroids
    • take care - can cause fungal infection
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17
Q

What is Moraxella bovoculi?

A
  • Has been isolated from calves with IBK
  • Frequently seen in cattle
  • becoming significant pathogen
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18
Q

What is Moraxella ovis?

A
  • Found in conjunctiva of sheep, horses, cattle
  • Cases Kerato-conjunctivitis in sheep
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19
Q

Where is Moraxella caviae found?

A
  • Oral cavity of healthy Guinea pigs
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20
Q

Where is Moraxella cuniculi found?

A
  • Found in the respiratory tract of healthy rabbits
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21
Q

Where is Moraxella canis found?

A
  • Respiratory tract of normal cats and dogs
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22
Q

How is Bordetella bronchiseptica transmitted?

A
  • Direct contact - pigs
  • Aerosol - dogs
  • Endogenous infections
  • Contaminated bedding
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23
Q

What is the habitat of Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A
  • Upper respiratory tract of swine, dogs, rabbits
  • rarely Upper respiratory tract of horses, cats, guinea pigs, rats
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24
Q

What is the distribution of Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

World Wide

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25
What is the symbiotic relationship of *Bordetella bronchiseptica?*
* In the dog * Produces pneumonitis by itself * Worse (maybe lethal) when combined with Infectious Canine Distemper virus * In swine * atrophic rhinitis * combo with Serotype D *Pasteurella multocida* * In rabbits * Commonly complicated by *Pasteurella multocida* in Snuffles
26
What is the morphology of *Bordetella bronchiseptica?*
* Gram negative cocco-bacilli * Strict Aerobe * Large, dull, smooth colonies * Grows on Blood and MacConkey
27
What are the antigenic characteristics of *Bordetella bronchiseptica?*
* 20 types (K, O antigens) * cross-reactions with other *Bordetella* species
28
What is the resistance / susceptibility of *Bordetella bronchiseptica?*
* NOT resistant to heat, drying, other environmental factors, or common disinfectants * Susceptible to various antimicrobial agents * May carry rug resistance factors (R-factors)
29
What are the mechanisms of pathogenicity of *Bordetella bronchiseptica?*
* Endotoxins * Exotoxin - Heat labile, antigenic 145KD * dermo-necrotic in the Guinea pig * Causes turbinate necrosis in atrophic rhinitis * Hemolysin * Pili * Adenylate cyclase * Phosphatase * Siderophores * Tracheal cytotoxins - toxic to ciliated cells * Filamentous hemagglutinin (attachment) * Pertactin (attachment) * Osteotoxin - toxin to osteoblast * Capsule * Biofilms * Tracheal colonization factor
30
What disease does *Bordetella bronchiseptica* cause in dogs?
* Pneumonia * Kennel cough (primary / secondary)
31
What disease does *Bordetella bronchiseptica* cause in Swine
* Pneumonia in young pigs * Atrophic rhinitis * Primary/Secondary with Type D *P. multocida*
32
What disease does *Bordetella bronchiseptica* cause in rabbits?
* Snuffles * primary / secondary with *P. multocida* * Atrophic rhinitis
33
What diseases does *Bordetella bronchiseptica* cause in guinea pigs, rats, cats, horses?
* mild upper respiratory infections * usually not serious unless in lab animal colonies
34
What is the nature of a *Bordetella bronchiseptica* infection?
* Suppurative * Necrotic
35
What is the the morbidity / mortality of *Bordetella bronchiseptica?*
* Morbidity high among swine * entire herd either infected or carriers * Mortality high in dogs with distemper
36
Is *Bordetella bronchiseptica* of public health concern?
* Whooping cough-like syndrome * Many other conditions in humans
37
What diseases does *Bordetella bronchiseptica* cause in humans?
* Bronchitis * Pneumonia * Peritonitis * Meningitis * Septicemia * Endocarditis * Sinusitis
38
How can transmission of *Bordetella bronchiseptica* be controlled?
* Toxoid - pigs * Bacterins - dogs, pigs * Vaccines - avirulent * effective in dogs * Depopulation & repopulation with SPF wsine
39
How is a *Bordetella bronchiseptica* infection treated?
* Sulfas in feed - swine * Tetracyclines - dogs
40
What is the habitat of *Bordetella avium?*
* Fresh water * Soil * Respiratory tract of chickens nad turkys
41
What is the mode of transmission for *Bordetella avium?*
* Contaminated water
42
What is the distribution of *Bordetella avium?*
World-wide
43
What are the predisposing factors for a *Bordetella avium* infection?
* Stress
44
What is the morphology of *Bordetella avium?*
* Gram negative, rods to coccobacilli * Aerobe * Smooth and Moist colonies on BA * Small and colorless colonies on Mac
45
What is the resistance and susceptibility of *Bordetella avium?*
* Conduct susceptibility testing with plasmids * Resistant to environmental temperature
46
What are the mechanisms for pahtogenicity of *Bordetella avium?*
* Pili - attachment * Dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) * 155KD * lethal to guinea pig, mouse, turkey polts and young chickens * Tracheal cytotoxin * Hemaglutinin - attachment * Endotoxin * Pertactin * Osteotoxin * Capsule * Biofilms
47
What disease does *Bordetella avium cause?*
* Turkeys: * Rhinotracheitis * Turkey coryza * Other avian species are also susceptible
48
What is Turkey Coryza?
* Highly contagious * Oculonasal discharge * Sneezing * Dyspnea * Tracheal ring collapse * Destruction of tracheal epithelium * Stress is very important
49
What is the nature of *Bordetella avium* infections?
* Suppurative * Necrotic
50
What is the morbidity / mortality of *Bordetella avium* infections?
* Both may be high in turkeys
51
Is *Bordetella avium* of public health concern?
None
52
What are the control measures for *Bordetella avium?*
* Vaccine - Live avirulent strain * place in drinking water * Plasmid-less temperature sensitive mutant
53
What is the treatment for *Bordetella avium?*
* Mass treatment
54
What is the morphology of *Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale?*
* Gram negative, pleomorphic rods * Facultative * Slow grower on Blood agar
55
What species does *Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale* affect?
* Avian species * Turkeys, chickens, others
56
What is the distribution of *Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale?*
* US * Africa * Europe
57
What are the signs of a *Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale* infection?
* Purulent pneumonia * Airsacculitis * Nasal discharge * Cough * Decreased egg production * Arthritis
58
What are the serotypes of *Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale?*
* 7 serotypes * A - G * A is predminant
59
What is the mortality of *Ornithobacterium rhinotrachealei* infections*?*
* As high as 10 %
60
What are the control measures for *Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale?*
* Chlortetracycline in feed

Bacteriology and Mycology (35 decks)

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