Morphology And Structure

Question 1

Size of bacteria

Answer 1

Diameter 0.2-2.0 nanometers

Length 2-8 nanometers

Question 2

Bacteria measured by

Answer 2

Ocular micrometer

Question 3

Cocci

Answer 3

In cluster, pairs, chains or packets

Question 4

Bacilli

Answer 4

Pairs, chains, palisade, rosette

Question 5

Spirilla

Answer 5

Individual cells with variation in length and spirals

Question 6

Flagella originate in—– and protrude through the ……..

Made of …..

Answer 6

Cytoplasmic membrane

Cell wall

Flagellin protein

Question 7

Flagellation is more commonly found on

Answer 7

Baciili

Question 8

Monotrichous

Answer 8

On flagella on either end of the bacterium

Question 9

Lophotrichous

Answer 9

Bundle of flagella on either end of the bacterium

Question 10

Amphitrichous

Answer 10

Flagella on both ends of the bacterium

Question 11

Peritrichouse

Answer 11

Flagella around the bacterium

Question 12

Flagella are detected by

Answer 12

Flagella stain directly

Observable motility in wet mounts and hanging drops

Question 13

True motility

Answer 13

Direction and purposeful movement

Question 14

Pili (fimbrae) are composed of….. and originate in…..and protrude….

Answer 14

Protein
Cytoplasmic membrane
Cell wall

Question 15

Pili found on

Answer 15

Gram negative bacteria mostly

Question 16

Pili are observable on

Answer 16

Electron microscope

Question 17

Pili are present on both …. bacteria

Answer 17

Motile and no motile

Question 18

Function of pili

Answer 18

Allows for attachment and adherence,

Used in conjugation

Question 19

Capsule or slime layer function

Answer 19

Viscous covering of polysaccharides or protein used for protection

Question 20

Sheath

Answer 20

Tubule enclosing individuals bacteria and are aligned End to end

Question 21

Stalk

Answer 21

Semi rigid appendages often with adhesive substance at distal end found in some inhabitants of fresh water

Question 22

Cell wall

Answer 22

Gives shape and is essential for growth and division

All bacteria have them except for mycoplasms

Question 23

Cell wall protects against

Answer 23

Osmotic lysis

Question 24

Gram negative have outer membrane composed of

Answer 24

Lipopolysaccharides, phospholipids and lipoproteins

Question 25

Gram positive bacteria have

Answer 25

Teichoic acid in cell wall

Question 26

Difference in flagella basal body in gram positive and negative

Answer 26

Positive - 2 rings in basal body | Negative - four rings

Question 27

Only structure of motility in bacteria

Answer 27

Flagella

Question 28

Why is a gram stain able to differentiate between gram positive and negative bacteria?

Answer 28

When alcohol is placed on gram positive bacteria, the crystal violet, iodine complex is retained because it cannot pass through the multiple layers of peptidoglycan. However, when alcohol is placed on a gram negative bacterium, lipids are extracted from the outer membrane and the crystal violet iodine complex passes through the thin layer of peptidoglycan.

Question 29

Treating bacteria with enzyme lysozyme

Answer 29

Removes cell wall creating a protoplast. It will stain gram negative even if it is positive because it cannot hold stain

Question 30

Endospores are characterized by

Answer 30

LOCATION and size

Question 31

Bacillis endospore cells are

Answer 31

Not usually swollen

Question 32

Clostridium endospore cells appear

Answer 32

Swollen

Question 33

Endospore locations

Answer 33

Terminal, subterminal and central

Question 34

Sporogenisis

Answer 34

Formation of endospore

Question 35

Endospore

Answer 35

Dormant, dehydrated structure containing calcium dipocolinate and surrounded by numerous layers (spore cortex + spore coat)

Question 36

F+ bacteria have a

Answer 36

Sex factor or F factor

Question 37

F+ has plasmid which allows

Answer 37

for formation of sex pilis- allows for conjugation

Question 38

HFR cell

Answer 38

High frequency recombination Will not produce a F+ cell, but passes on some DNA thru

Question 39

Product of HFR and a F- cell

Answer 39

F- cell with recombinant DNA

Question 40

Outer membrane of gram negative contains..... The.... acts as an endotoxin and the ...... as an antigenic structure

Answer 40

Lipopolysaccharide Lipid A Polysaccharide O

Question 41

Protein synthesis occurs in the .....

Answer 41

Cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 42

Cell wall of eukaryotes is.... compared to prokaryotes

Answer 42

Less complex

Question 43

Bacteria that don't have cell Wall are called

Answer 43

Mycoplasmas

Question 44

Photosynthetic bacteria contain..... and carry on..... if they are Photosynthetic

Answer 44

Bacteriochlorophyll | Anaerobic photosynthesis

Question 45

Archaebacteria cell wall contains

Answer 45

Murein

Question 46

Glycocalyx capsule or slime layer function

Answer 46

PROTECTION from phagocytosis ADHERENCE to surfaces PROTECTION against desiccation Possible food reserve

Question 47

Inclusions

Answer 47

Reserve deposits that can be found in some bacteria Ex... metachromatic granules

Question 48

Gas vacuoles

Answer 48

Inclusions of gas that allow buoyancy

Question 49

Bacterial nucleoid

Answer 49

Genetic material in single chromosome

Question 50

Bacterial chromosome

Answer 50

Circular molecule of double stranded DNA

Question 51

PERIPLASMIC space

Answer 51

Space between outer membrane and the cell membrane of gram negative bacteria Contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins

Question 52

Bacteria RIBOSOMES

Answer 52

80s