Virology

Question 1

Viruses differ from living cells in that

Answer 1

They are acellular
Have EITHER DNA or RNA
Unable to reproduce independent of cells

Question 2

For viral replication, a virus must

Answer 2

Invade a host cell and cause it to reproduce viral enzymes and components

Question 3

Viral components are later assembled to form a

Answer 3

Complete virus

Question 4

Bacteriophage are…..to a bacteria

Answer 4

Specific

Question 5

Morphology of a virus

Answer 5

Nuclei acid core (DNA or RNA)

Surrounded by capsid composed of capsomeres

Question 6

Viral symmetries

Answer 6

Icosahedral and helical

Question 7

Lytic

Answer 7

Virulent

Question 8

Lysogenic

Answer 8

Temperate or avirulent

Question 9

Cultivated via

Answer 9

Living host cells

Question 10

virulent bacteriophage may be used in …. for detection. Of and identification of ….

Answer 10

Phage typing

Pathogenic bacteria

Question 11

Bacteria are characterized by their

Answer 11

Resistance or susceptibility to a particular virus

Question 12

The multiplication of a virulent bacteriophage is called the …. because the host is usually lyse in the final stage

Answer 12

Lytic cycle

Question 13

Steps of the lytic cycle

Answer 13

Adsorption/attachment
Penetration
Biosynthesis
Maturation
Lysis

Question 14

Adsorption/attachment

Answer 14

Attachment of particular virus to the cell wall of a specific bacteria. Attachment to specific receptor site

Question 15

Penetration

Answer 15

Injection of nucleic acid of virus into the host. May be chemical (lysozyme) or mechanical

Question 16

Biosynthesis

Answer 16

Nonessential host metabolism is shut down and host genome is degraded.

Host uses viral DNA to produce early proteins (enzymes that degrade the host genome and replicate viral DNA. The host then produces late proteins to synthesize viral components and to assemble those components during maturation.

Question 17

Viral DNA and capsids assembled into complete viruses

Answer 17

Maturation

Question 18

Eclipse

Answer 18

Period of time when no complete viruses are present

Question 19

Lysis

Answer 19

Phage lysozyme lyses bacterial cell wall and the replicated viruses are released. The number of viruses released per host cell is called burst size

Question 20

Picornaviridae

Answer 20

Genus: Enteroviruses - polio viruses
Disease: Polio

Genus: Rhinoviruses
Disease: common cold

Question 21

Calciviridae

Answer 21

Genus: Norovirus
Disease: Acute gastroenteritis

Question 22

Togaviridae

Answer 22

Genus: Rubivirus
Disease: Rubella

Question 23

Orthomyxoviridae

Answer 23

Genus: influenza virus

Question 24

Flavivirdae

Answer 24

Genus: Zika, Dengue, Hep C , Yellow Fever

Question 25

Paramyxoviridae

Answer 25

Mumps virus | Rubeola virus

Question 26

Reoviridae

Answer 26

Rotavirus - vomiting and diarrhea in children

Question 27

Rhabdoviridae

Answer 27

Rabies

Question 28

Retroviridae

Answer 28

HIV1 and HIV2 (aids) | HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 (T cell leukemia)

Question 29

Coronaviridae

Answer 29

Coronavirus - upper respiratory infections, bronchitis

Question 30

Filoviridae

Answer 30

Ebola virus

Question 31

DNA viruses

Answer 31

(Poxy, herpes, adeno, papova, hepadna)

Question 32

Poxviridae

Answer 32

Orthopoxvirus- | Smallpox, cowpox

Question 33

Herpesviridae

Answer 33

herpes 1 - cold sore Herpes simplex virus 2 - genital herpes Varicella zoster - chickenpox Epstein-Barr - mononucleosis, lymphoma,

Question 34

Papovaviridae

Answer 34

Papillomavirus -warts, genital warts

Question 35

Hepadnaviridae

Answer 35

Hepatitis B

Question 36

Hepatitis A

Answer 36

Infectious hepatitis benign jaundice) Transmitted: fecal -oral Symptoms: flu like, abdominal pain, chills, dark urine, light stools Treatment: gamma globulins as prophylaxis, vaccine

Question 37

Hepatitis B

Answer 37

Serum hepatitis Causes: sever liver damage, cancer and death. Can be co infection with Hep D Transmission: contact with body fluids, contaminated instruments, breast milk Vaccine

Question 38

Hepatitis C

Answer 38

Causes liver cirrhosis Transmitted via body fluids or instruments No vaccine or guarenteed cure

Question 39

Hepatitis E

Answer 39

None-A / None-B, no serological tests approved Feal/oral transmission Similar to other symptoms but can be fatal for pregnant women No FDA approved vaccine