Morphology Chapter 4 Flashcards
(46 cards)
affix
a type of bound morpheme–prefrix, infix, and suffix
affixation
attaching an affix to a base morpheme
agglutinating language
language in which words are made up of a linear sequence of distinct morphemes and each component of meaning is represented by its own morpheme.
allomorph
Nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar. For example, the English plural morpheme can appear as [s] as in cats, [z] as in dogs, or [‘z] as in churches. Each of these three pronunciations is said to be an allomorph of the same morpheme.
alternation
a morpheme that exhibits variations in its phological realization. examples include s/es dogs sounds like dogz
ambiguity
a quality of langauge that makes speech open to multiple interpretations
analytic language
a language that conveys relationships between words in sentences by way of helper words like prepositions, and word order
bound morpheme
a morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme to create meaning
bound root
root morphemes which cannot appear on its own. eg: receive (ceive) dissuade
closed lexical category
morphemes that cannot be added to other words
compounding
2 or more words that are tadded together to form a new word with an entirely new meaning
conjunction
a word used to connect caluses or sentences (and, but, if)
content morpheme
morphemes that express content or meaning, like a bound verb or adjective
content word
open class words that possess semantic content and contribute to the meaning of the sentence or phrase in which they occur
derivation
a bound morpheme affix that changes the part of speech of the word when added. ie.. happy adds un to make it unhappy adjective to noun. new word, new meaning
determiner
a word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with a noun to express reference of that noun in context. examples: articles (the, a, an) demonstrations (this that)
form
a meaningful unit of speech
free morpheme
a morpheme that can stand alone as words by themselves. ‘boy’ ‘car’
function morpheme
words that do not have clear meaning, but have grammatical functions. CLOSED. cannot be added to other morphemes. conjuctions, prepositions, article. eg ‘he’ ‘we’
function word
words that express syntactic relationships between units in a sentence and tie elements together dramatically “alex AND dallas”
fusional language
languages that use a single inflectional morpheme to denote multiple grammatical, syntactic or semantic features. Spanish is one
hierarchical structure
words are made up of 1 or more morphemes
homophony
sets of words that are pronounced the same but with different meaning
incorporation
a phenomenon by which a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with its direct object (object incorporation) or adverbial modifier, while retaining its original syntactic function.
