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mgt > motivating (11) > Flashcards

motivating (11) Flashcards

1
Q

_____ in Engineering Management is the act of giving employees reasons or incentives to work to achieve organizational objectives.

A

motivating

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2
Q

_____ is the process of activating behavior, sustaining it, and directing it toward a particular goal.

A

motivation

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3
Q

What are the three factors contributing to motivation? ____

A

willingness to do a job, self-confidence in carrying out a task, needs satisfaction

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4
Q

What are the four theories of motivation? ______

A
  • Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory
  • Herzberg’s two-factor theory
  • Expectancy Theory
  • Goal Setting Theory
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5
Q

______ - psychologist who theorized that human beings have five basic needs.

A

Abraham Maslow

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6
Q

According to Maslow’s Need Hierarchy, what are the five basic needs? ____

A

physiological, security, social, esteem, self actualization

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7
Q

The needs are ____, which means, one need will have to be satisfied first before the other need.

A

hierarchical

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8
Q

_____ those that are concerned with biological needs like food, drink, rest, and sex. These needs take priority over other needs.

A

physiological needs

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9
Q

____ these needs include freedom from harm coming from the elements or from other people, financial security.

A

security needs

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10
Q

____ secure love, affection, and the need to be accepted by peers.

A

social needs

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11
Q

_____ the need for a positive self-image and self-respect and the need to be respected by others.

A

esteem needs

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12
Q

____ the fifth and the topmost levels needs. It involved realizing our full potential as human beings and becoming all that we are able to be.

A

self-actualization needs

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13
Q

The Relevance of Maslow’s Theory to Engineering Management:
Even if Maslow’s Theory has been largely questioned, one basic premise cannot be discarded: ______

A

a fulfilled need no longer motivates an individual

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14
Q

What is the process of motivation according to Maslow’s Theory?

A

needs, motivation, action or goal-directed behavior, needs satisfaction

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15
Q

Herzberg’s two-factor theory was developed by ______.

A

Frederick Herzberg

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16
Q

____ indicates that a satisfied employee is motivated from within to work harder and that a dissatisfied employee is not self-motivated.

A

Herzberg’s two-factor theory

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17
Q

What are the two classes of factors associated with employee satisfaction and dissatisfaction? ____

A
  • satisfiers or motivation factors
  • dissatisfiers or hygience factors
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18
Q

_____ are responsible for jib satisfaction

A

satisfiers or motivation factors

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19
Q

What are the satisfiers or motivation factors - responsible for job satisfaction? ___-

A

achievements, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth

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20
Q

_____ are responsible for job dissatisfaction

A

dissatisfiers or hygiene factors

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21
Q

What are the dissatisfiers or hygiene factors - responsible for job dissatisfaction? _____

A
  • company policy and administration
  • supervision
  • relationship with supervisor
  • work conditions
  • salary
  • relationship with peers
  • personal life
  • relationship with subordinates
  • status
  • security
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22
Q

In _____: The engineer manager must do something to eliminate the dissatisfiers and install satisfiers.

A

Herzberg’s theory

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23
Q

______ a motivation model based on the assumption that an individual will work depending on his perception of the probability of his expectations to happen.

A

expectancy theory

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24
Q

_____ poses the idea that motivation is determined by expectancies and valences.

A

expectancy theory

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25
Q

_____ a belief about the likelihood or probability that a particular behavioral act will lead to a particular outcome.

A

expectancy

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26
Q

_____ the value an individual places on the expected outcomes of rewards.

A

valence

27
Q

Expectancy theory is based on the following assumptions: ____

A
  • a combination of forces within the individual and in the environment determined behavior
  • people make decisions about their own behavior and that of organizations
  • people have different types of needs, goals, and desires
  • people make choices among alternative behaviors based on the extent to which they think a certain behavior will lead to a desired outcome
28
Q

_____ the process of improving performances with objectives, deadlines or quality standard.

A

goal setting theory

29
Q

What are the four components of the goal setting model drawn by Edwin A. Locke? _____

A

goal content, goal commitment, work behavior, feedback aspects

30
Q

______ to be sufficient in content, goals must be challenging, attainable, specific and measurable, time limited, and relevant.

A

goal content

31
Q

____ when individual or groups are committed to the goals they are supposed to achieve, there is a chance that they will be able to achieve them.

A

goal commitment

32
Q

_____ goals influences behavior in terms of direction, effort, persistence, and planning.

A

work behavior

33
Q

_____ feedbacks provide the individuals with a way of knowing how far they have gone in achieving objectives.

A

feedback aspects

34
Q

What are the four techniques of motivation? ____

A
  • motivation through job design
  • motivation through rewards
  • motivation through employee participation
  • other motivational techniques for the diverse work force
35
Q

_____ may be defined as “specifying the tasks that constitute a job for an individual or a group.”

A

job design

36
Q

In motivating through the use of job design, 2 approaches may be used: ______

A

fitting people to jobs, fitting jobs to people

37
Q

Routine and repetitive tasks make workers suffer from chronic dissatisfaction. To avoid this, the following remedies may be adapted: ____

A

realistic job previews, job rotation, limited exposure

38
Q

_____ where management provides honest explanation of what a job actually entails.

A

realistic job previews

39
Q

_____ where people are moved periodically from one specialized job to another.

A

job rotation

40
Q

_____ where a worker’s exposure to a highly fragmented and tedious job is limited.

A

limited exposure

41
Q

______ instead of changing the person, management may consider changing the job.

A

fitting jobs to people

42
Q

Routine and repetitive tasks make workers suffer from chronic dissatisfaction.

A

fitting people to jobs

43
Q

Instead of changing the person, management may consider changing the job. This may be achieved with the use of the following: ____

A

job enlargement, job enrichment

44
Q

______ where to or more specialized tasks is work flow sequence is combined into a single job.

A

job enlargement

45
Q

____ where efforts are made to make jobs more interesting, challenging, and rewarding.

A

job enrichment

46
Q

Rewards may be classified into two categories: ____

A

extrinsic, intrinsic rewards

47
Q

_____ those which refer to payoffs granted to the individuals by another party.

A

extrinsic

48
Q

____ those which are internally experienced payoffs which are self-granted.

A

intrinsic rewards

49
Q

Extrinsic rewards must be properly managed in line with the following: ____

A
  • it must satisfy individual needs
  • the employees must believe effort will lead to reward
  • rewards must be equitable
  • rewards must be linked to performance
50
Q

Motivation through job participation
Specific activities where employees may participate: ___

A

setting goals, decision-making, solving problems, designing and implementing organizational changes

51
Q

In the techniques of motivation, what are the two popular approaches to participation? ____

A

quality control circles, self-managed teams

52
Q

Quality control circles: ___

A
  • method of direct employee participation
  • to increase productivity and quality of output
  • consists of 3-10 employees
  • members are trained in various analysis techniques by a coordinator
53
Q

What is the quality control process? ____

A
  • brainstorming, gathering of data, establish cause & effect
  • preparation for solutions and recommendations
  • evaluation and decision-making
  • measuring of results and feedbacks, recognition and reward-giving to the members
54
Q

Self-managed Teams: _____

A
  • also known as autonomous work groups/high performance teams
  • group of professionals who work on their own
  • turns out complete product or service
  • receives minimal supervision
55
Q

Requisites to successful employee participation program: _____

A
  1. a profit-sharing or gain-sharing plan
  2. a long-term employment relationship with good job security
  3. effort to build and maintain group cohesiveness
  4. protection of the individual employee’s right
56
Q

What are other motivation techniques: ____

A

flexible work schedules, family support services, sabbaticals

57
Q

There is an arrangement called flextime, which allows employees to determine their own arrival and departure time within specified limits.

A

flexible work schedules

58
Q

____ designed to provide basic services to the families of the employees.

A

family support services

59
Q

A sabbatical leave is one given to an employee after a certain number of years of service.

A

sabbaticals

60
Q

____ is the management action of giving employees reasons or incentives to work to achieve organizational objectives.

A

motivating

61
Q

_____ is the process of activating behavior, sustaining it, and directing it towards a particular goal.

A

motivation

62
Q

Factors contributing to motivation consists of: _____

A

willingness to do a job, self-confidence in carrying out a task, needs satisfaction

63
Q

Four theories of motivation: _____

A

Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, Herzberg’s two-factor theory, expectancy theory, goal setting theory

64
Q

Various techniques of motivation consists of: _____

A

motivation through job design, motivation through rewards, motivation through employee participation, other motivation techniques

mgt (12 decks)

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