Motivation

Question 1

Taylor (scientific)

Answer 1

• argues that money is the main force that motivates employees to work at a company
• Instead of fixed salary, should be performance based pay
• Scientific: the techno used are scientifically proven and should be improved to become more effective
• clear division of responsibilities
• Rigid hierarchy and strict surveillance

Question 2

How businesses use Taylor’s

Answer 2

Workers are trained to perform only one task, which they become very skilled at
• Workers are usually only paid for the completed work (piece rate pay)

Question 3

Pros of Taylor’s

Answer 3

• Increased efficiency, which lowers costs
• standardise procedures help to reduce errors
• specialisation of labour increases efficiency
• clear hierarchy
• improved training leads to better performance

Question 4

Cons of Taylor’s

Answer 4

• overemphasis on efficiency reduce worker satisfaction
• limited applicability: may not wok with creative roles or problem solving
• potential for exploitation e.g sweatshops

Question 5

Mayo ( human relations)

Answer 5

• argues that improving productivity and job satisfaction lies in understanding and improving the relationships between workers, supervisors, and management
• focuses on the importance of social factors (communication, motivation and job satisfaction) in the workplace

Question 6

How businesses use mayo

Answer 6

• team building activities
  Providing feedback and recognition
• creating positive work environment
• encouraging employee development through training and carrer advancement

Question 7

Pros of mayo

Answer 7

• improved job satisfaction
• increased productivity as workers feel valued
• better communications, less misunderstandings
• stronger teams
• improved efficiency

Question 8

Cons of mayo

Answer 8

• time consuming
• lack of control as workers feel valued take more decisions
• potential for conflict
• Limited applicabilityas it may not work for businesses which require a high degree of individual autonomy and independence

Question 9

Maslow (hierarchy of needs)

Answer 9

Outlines five tiers of human needs that must be met for individuals to reach full potential:
- self actualisation
- esteem
- love
- sad
- physiological

Question 10

Pros of Maslow

Answer 10

• higher employee satisfaction, increased productivity and low ever turnover rates
• increases motivation with incentives
• Improved employee performance

Question 11

Cons of Maslow

Answer 11

• one size doesn’t fit all
• expensive, individual needs can be costly
• time consuming, lots of effort to connect with individuals

Question 12

Herzberg (2 factor)

Answer 12

• suggests that there are two types of factors that affect employee motivation and job satisfaction
• improving motivation factors increases job satisfaction
• improving hygiene factors decreases job dissatisfaction

Question 14

How businesses use hygiene factors

Answer 14

• pay fair wages and avaries
• offer excellent working conditions
• offer employment contracts which improve job security

Question 15

How businesses use motivation factors

Answer 15

• build recognition and rewards culture
• offer opportunities for growth and development
• privilege work which requires problem solving

Question 16

Pros of herzberg

Answer 16

• focuses in employee motivation
• improved work performance
• better employee engagement

Question 18

Cons of herzberg

Answer 18

• overemphasis on individual factors, may not consider external
• lack of universal applicability
• hygiene factors can still be motivation

Question 19

Non financial incentives

Answer 19

Lead to recognition, praise and job satisfaction
- delegation: Maslow,herzberg
- consultation: Maslow
- empowerment: Maslow, herzberg
- team working: mayo
- flexible working: Maslow, herzberg
- job enrichment: mayo, herzberg
- job rotation: herzberg
- job enlargement: mayo,herzberg