Motivation Theories Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is motivation?
Factors that initiate, direct, and sustain human behavior over time.
How has the perception of motivation in organizations changed over time?
It is seen as more central to the role of leaders and more complex.
Why is it important for HR leaders to understand what drives individuals?
Each person is unique due to differences in heredity and environment.
What is Theory X in motivation theories?
Motivation is seen as absolutely irrelevant; leaders micromanage and coerce team members.
What is Theory Y in motivation theories?
Motivation is seen as absolutely critical; leaders apply a participative style that empowers employees.
What does Needs Theory suggest about motivation?
Individuals are motivated by a desire to satisfy certain needs.
List the five basic categories of needs according to Maslow’s hierarchy.
- Physiological
- Safety and security
- Belonging and love
- Esteem
- Self-actualization
What are intrinsic and extrinsic factors in Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory?
- Intrinsic factors: challenging work, meaningful impact, recognition
- Extrinsic factors: job security, pay, conditions
What are the three basic desires identified by McClelland?
- Achievement
- Affiliation
- Power
What do individuals need according to self-determination theory?
- Autonomy
- Purpose
What is Expectancy Theory?
Effort increases in relation to one’s confidence that behavior will result in a positive outcome and reward.
What are the components of Vroom’s Expectancy Theory?
- Expectancy
- Instrumentality
- Valence
How does Attribution Theory relate to motivation?
It connects the interpretation of past success or failure to present motivation levels.
What can lead to ‘learned helplessness’ in the workplace?
A track record of failure, even if caused by external factors.
What is Goal-Setting Theory?
Motivation can be increased by providing employees with goals to assess their achievement.
What are effective goals according to Goal-Setting Theory?
- Specific and clear
- Important to the individual
- Realistic but challenging
What is Equity Theory?
Motivation is based on an employee’s sense of fairness in comparing their inputs and outputs with others.
What are the inputs and outputs in Equity Theory?
- Inputs: skills, training, effort, education, experience
- Outputs: salary, bonuses, raises, promotions
What qualities should a leader develop?
- Self-motivation
- Risk-taking
- Continuous learning
- Growth mindset
Why is risk-taking important for leaders?
It fosters innovation and allows organizations to learn from failure.
What does a growth mindset entail?
Belief that talents and skills can and should be developed during work.
How can HR leaders reinforce a growth mindset?
By praising efforts to learn new skills during performance reviews.
Fill in the blank: A leader should be committed to _______.
continuous learning
