Mouth

Question 1

What are the two main functions of the mouth?

Answer 1

motor, sensory

Question 2

What is the sensation for pain?

Answer 2

nociception

Question 3

What is the sensation for movement?

Answer 3

Mechanoreception

Question 4

What is the sensation for temperature?

Answer 4

Thermorecption

Question 5

What is the special sensation found only in the mouth?

Answer 5

gustation (taste)

Question 6

What are the boundaries of the mouth?

Answer 6

anterior (lips), posterior (fauces, pillars), lateral (cheeks), inferior (mylohyoid, tongue), superior (palate),

Question 7

What holds the tongue in place?

Answer 7

lingual frenulum

Question 8

What drains the floor of the mouth?

Answer 8

lingual veins

Question 9

What are the folds under the tongue where ducts open?

Answer 9

plica fimbriata

Question 10

What are the jaw muscles?

Answer 10

temporalis, masseter

Question 11

What muscle helps in lip movement?

Answer 11

Orbicularis Oris

Question 12

What muscle is responsible for puffing the cheeks?

Answer 12

buccinator

Question 13

What are the salivary glands and what type of secretion do they produce?

Answer 13

Biggest glands are the parotid glands which are by the ear. They produce a watery (serous) secretion.

Submandibular glands are just under the jaw. They produce a semi-watery/semi-thick (seromucinous) secretion

Sublingual glands produce a thick secretion, which is mostly mucous

Question 14

What can mumps cause?

Answer 14

Swelling of the parotid glands

Question 15

What is Sialolithiasis?

Answer 15

the equivalent of kidney stones in the salivary glands. It is a calculus stone typically in the submandibular gland.

Question 16

What is the compact ball of food called?

Answer 16

Bolus

Question 17

What border separates lips and skin?

Answer 17

vermillion border

Question 18

What is the lateral boundary of the mouth composed of?

Answer 18

cheeks and teeth

Question 19

What is the superior boundary of the mouth composed of?

Answer 19

soft and hard palate

Question 20

What is the anterior boundary of the mouth composed of?

Answer 20

lips and teeth

Question 21

What bones form the hard palate?

Answer 21

maxillae and palatine bones

Question 22

What is the posterior boundary composed of?

Answer 22

fauces (pillars)

Question 23

What is the inferior boundary composed of?

Answer 23

mylohyoid muscle and tongue

Question 24

What are the secretions that the salivary glands produce?

Answer 24

mucous, salt & water, amylase

Question 25

What are the intrinsic glands?

Answer 25

lingual, palatoglossal, palatal, buccal

Question 26

What is the lining of the oral cavity?

Answer 26

Masticatory - para-keratinised stratified squamous, thick lamina propria (mucoperiosteum) Gustatory - keratinised stratified squamous with filiform and fungiform-taste papillae as well as vallate papillae Lining - non-keratinised stratified squamous, thin lamina propria, thick submucosa

Question 27

What are the main muscles of the face?

Answer 27

temporalis, buccinator, masticator

Question 28

What is the function of temporalis?

Answer 28

Elevation and retraction of mandible

Question 29

What is the nerve supply of temporalis?

Answer 29

trigeminal 5 (mandibular division)

Question 30

What is the function of the buccinator?

Answer 30

Maintains food in the middle of the oral cavity.

Question 31

What is the nerve supply of the buccinator?

Answer 31

facial nerve 7 (buccal branch)

Question 32

What common pathology may result in the buccinator not functioning, and what are the functional consequences for the patient?

Answer 32

Stroke (cerebrovascular accident). Drooling as not being able to maintain food/fluid in the middle of the oral cavity

Question 33

What stimulates saliva production?

Answer 33

lemon juice- anything acidic

Question 34

What is the risk of parotidectomy?

Answer 34

damage to the facial nerve

Question 35

Where is the duct opening of the parotid gland?

Answer 35

opposite the upper second molar

Question 36

What are the primary bones of the face?

Answer 36

Maxilla (2) Zygomatic (2) Mandible (1) Nasal (2) Platine (2) Inferior nasal concha (2) Lacrimal (2) Vomer (1)

Question 37

What are the origins and endings of the masseter muscle?

Answer 37

The masseter arises from the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) and is inserted at the ramus (branches) of the mandible (jawbone).

Question 38

What is the function of the masseter?

Answer 38

Contraction of the muscle elevates the mandible, and it is particularly used in chewing food. The masseter can be felt at the side of the jaw when the teeth are clenched.

Question 39

What is the nerve supply of the masseter?

Answer 39

Mandibular division of the trigeminal 5 nerve

Question 40

How would you clinically test the integrity of the masseter?

Answer 40

Get patient to clench teeth, and feel muscle bulk and power

Question 41

What nerve passes through the parotid gland?

Answer 41

facial nerve

Question 42

Where are sublingual secretions secreted?

Answer 42

the sublingual duct on the base of the underside of the tongue

Question 43

Where is the sublingual gland?

Answer 43

under the tongue

Question 44

Where is the submandibular gland?

Answer 44

under and hooked around the mylohyoid muscle

Question 45

Where are submandibular secretions secreted?

Answer 45

Wharton’s duct which opens on the base of the underside of the tongue

Question 46

What artery and vein, supply and drain blood of most facial expression muscles?

Answer 46

facial artery, facial vein

Question 47

Where do superficial systems drain?

Answer 47

external jugular vein

Question 48

Where do deep systems drain?

Answer 48

internal jugular vein

Question 49

What are the main arteries supplying the head?

Answer 49

carotid arteries

Question 50

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 50

superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse and vertical muscles of the tongue. These muscles affect the shape and size of the tongue – for example, in tongue rolling – and have a role in facilitating speech, eating and swallowing.

Question 51

What nerve passes through the parotid gland, thus making surgery on this gland very complex?

Answer 51

facial nerve

Question 52

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 52

styloglossius hyoglossus genioglossus

Question 53

What is the innveration of the tongue?

Answer 53

All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), except palatoglossus, which has vagal innervation (CN X). however, palatoglossus is often considered a muscle of the palate

Question 54

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 54

temporalis, massester, medial and lateral pterygoid muscle