Thorax

Question 1

What is the upper region that is continuous with the neck called?

Answer 1

superior thoracic aperture

Question 2

What is the lower region of the thorax that is closed by the diaphragm called?

Answer 2

inferior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet)

Question 3

What are the 3 compartments of the thorax?

Answer 3

left and right pleural cavities
mediastinum

Question 4

What do the left and right pleural cavities contain?

Answer 4

the lungs

Question 5

Where is the second rib?

Answer 5

at the sternal angle

Question 6

Where does the thorax begin?

Answer 6

at thoracic vertebra 1 and rib 1 to the manubrium

Question 7

What is the sternal angle located in between?

Answer 7

sternum body and manubrium of sternum

Question 8

What does the costochondral joint join?

Answer 8

the costal cartilage and the ribs

Question 9

What are the bones that attach the arms and consist of the clavicle and shoulder blade called?

Answer 9

pectoral girdles

Question 10

What ribs are the true ribs? (the sternum connects directly to the costal cartilage)?

Answer 10

ribs 1-7

Question 11

What ribs are the false ribs? (their costal cartilages are attached to the cartilage of the next higher rib)?

Answer 11

ribs 8-10

Question 12

What ribs are floating? (do not attach to the sternum and have no costal cartilages)?

Answer 12

ribs 11-12

Question 13

What is the space between the ribs called?

Answer 13

intercostal

Question 14

What is the space between the vertebrae called?

Answer 14

intervertebral discs

Question 15

What are the sections of the superior mediastinum?

Answer 15

upper -T1 posteriorly

lower -the sternal angle (landmark for second rib)

Question 16

What are the sections of the inferior mediastinum?

Answer 16

anterior -fat and thymus

middle -heart

posterior -aorta and oesophagus

Question 17

What are the main vessels of the thorax?

Answer 17

vena cavae
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
aorta

Question 18

What arteries supply the head?

Answer 18

common carotid arteries

Question 19

What do the left and right common carotid arteries branch into?

Answer 19

internal and external carotid arteries

Question 20

What artery supplies the face, tongue, head (not brain)?

Answer 20

external carotid artery

Question 21

What artery supplies the head and neck?

Answer 21

internal carotid artery

Question 22

What are the first main branches of the aorta?

Answer 22

the left/right coronary arteries

Question 23

What side of the body is the brachiocephalic trunk?

Answer 23

right

Question 24

What does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into?

Answer 24

right common carotid artery
right subclavian artery

Question 25

What branch of the aorta goes on to supply the abdomen?

Answer 25

descending aorta

Question 26

What veins drain the head and neck?

Answer 26

left and right internal jugular

Question 27

What does the aorta branch into?

Answer 27

Brachiocephalic artery Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery

Question 28

What do the left and right internal jugular veins join into?

Answer 28

Right subclavian vein Left subclavian vein

Question 29

What do the right subclavian and left subclavian veins join into?

Answer 29

right and left brachiocephalic veins

Question 30

What do the right and left brachiocephalic veins drain into?

Answer 30

the superior vena cava

Question 31

What are the paired muscles found on the anterior vertebral column that when when both contract cause bending of the neck? *hint - long muscles

Answer 31

longus colli

Question 32

What portion of the vertebra has sympathetic innervation?

Answer 32

T1-L2

Question 33

Where is the biggest lymphatic draining?

Answer 33

thoracic duct

Question 34

What is the greatest sympathetic nerve and where does it branch from?

Answer 34

Greater splanchnic T5-T9

Question 35

What is an extension of the left atrium?

Answer 35

left auricle

Question 36

What cervical nerves innervate the phrenic nerve in diaphragm?

Answer 36

3, 4, 5

Question 37

What is the cardiac plexus?

Answer 37

nerves to the heart

Question 38

What does the superior (accessory) hemiazygos vein drain?

Answer 38

posterior mediastinum veins

Question 39

What kind of tissue structure does the diaphragm have?

Answer 39

musculotendinous

Question 40

Where do diaphragm muscle fibres that arise from costal margins insert into?

Answer 40

central tendon

Question 41

How is the diaphragm shaped on either side and which is larger?

Answer 41

dome shaped on left and right however right is higher due to position of liver

Question 42

What kind of muscle is the diaphragm?

Answer 42

skeletal

Question 43

What is the phrenic nerve composed of?

Answer 43

cervical 3-5

Question 44

What fibres the phrenic nerve have?

Answer 44

motor and sensory

Question 45

What happens on inspiration?

Answer 45

muscle flattens

Question 46

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

Answer 46

larger of recesses found between the costal and diaphragmatic pleura of right and left pleural cavities. Provide space for the lungs to fill, but also fluid can accumulate in these.