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Neuromuscular PT 1 > Movement Disorders > Flashcards

Movement Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is movement disorder

A
  • a group of neurological conditions that cause abnormal movements
  • these may be voluntary or involuntary, increased, reduced or slow
  • movement disorders neurologists focus their practice on these
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2
Q

Cerebellar dysfunction

A
  • affects rate, range, and force of voluntary movement
  • damage may result from CVA, TBI, MS, tumor, degeneration or alcoholism
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3
Q

Cerebellar dysfunction

signs

A
  • Ataxia
  • dysmetria
  • dysdiadochokinesia
  • intention tremor
  • decreased balance
  • gait dysfunction
  • dysarthria
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4
Q

Basal ganglia disorder

hypokinetic

A
  • parkinson’s disease (PD)
  • parkinson-plus syndromes
  • parkinonsim (umbrella term for presenting with ataxia/rigidity)
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5
Q

Basal ganglia

hyperkinetic disorders

types

A
  • Huntington’s diseas
  • choreathetoid CP
  • hemiballismus
  • dystonia
  • tardive dyskinesia
  • touretts
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6
Q

Parkinson’s disease

Symptoms

A
  • akinesia/hypokinesia
  • rigidity
  • freezing during movement
  • postural instability
  • resting tremor
  • visuoperceptive impairments
  • non motor signs: depression, psychosis, dementia, autonmic dysfunction

T = tremor R = rigidity A = Akinesia P = postural instbaility, lack of reactive and or anticipatory postural control 3/4 needed

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7
Q

Parkinson-plus syndromes

red flags to help dx

A
  • Early postural instability,
  • rapid progression,
  • respirtory dysfunction,
  • abnormal postures,
  • uncontrollable inappropriate laughing/crying
  • signs of cerebellar, corticospinal or voluntary gaze dysfunction
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8
Q

Parkinson plus syndromes include

A
  • progressive supranuclear palsy
  • corticobasal degeneration
  • lewy body dementia
  • multple system atrophy
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9
Q

Parkinson plus syndromes

Progressive supranuclear palsy

A
  • gait instability with backward falls
  • axial rigidity
  • freezing of gait
  • apathy/depression/psychosis/rage attacks
  • supranuclear gaze palsy
  • dysphagia
  • dysarthria
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10
Q

Parkinson plus syndromes

corticobasal degneration

S&S

A
  • decrease in speech
  • loss of awareness of personal appearnace and hygiene
  • inappropriate behavior
  • decreased conscern of empathy
  • alien limb
  • still jerky limb posturing
  • apraxia may inhibit everday activities
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11
Q

Parkinson plus syndromes

lewy body dementia

A
  • early generalized cognitive decline
  • visual hallucinations
  • motor signs indistinguihable from akinetic/rigid parkinons’s disease
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12
Q

Parkinson plus syndromes

Multiple systems atrophy

A
  • akinetic/rigid syndrome
  • Cerebellar signs: dysarthria, truncal ataxia, narrow based ataxia gait
  • autonomic dysfunction
  • corticospinal tract dysfunction
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13
Q

Parkinson plus syndromes

MSA: named for..

A

1st structure affected

MSA-C: cerebellar signs

  • incoordination
  • dysarthria
  • balance deficits

MSA-P: parkinsonian signs

  • rigidity
  • bradykinesia

MSA with orthostatic hypotension

  • autonmoic dysfunction
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14
Q

Parkinsonism

A
  • disorders with signs that mimic PD
  • origin is known to be toxic, infectious, traumatic etc
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15
Q

drug induced parkinsonism

A
  • subacute, bilateral onset with rapid pprogression
  • early postural tremor
  • involuntary movemetns of face and mouth
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16
Q

chronic traumatic encephalopathy CTE

A
  • multiple incidents of head trauma causes accumulation of Tau protin in multiple areas of the brain
  • parkinsonism
  • disordered thinking
  • depression
  • decreased memory/executive dysfunction
  • disinhibition
17
Q

Huntington’s disease

A
  • autosomal dominant genetic disorder
  • usualy maifests after age 30
18
Q

huntingtons disease

symptoms

A
  • chorea: involtunary jerky, rapid movements
  • athetosis: rhythmical worm-life movements
  • dementia, depression
19
Q

Choreathetoid dyskinetic CP

A
  • assoicated with lesions involving both basal ganaglia and ventrolateral thalamus

symptoms

  • dystonia
  • abnormal posture
  • choreathetoid movements
20
Q

Dystonia

A
  • abnormal postures or repetitive twisting movemetns
  • focal: limited to one boyd part, may only occur during a specific task, usually non-progressive
  • generalized: involve limbs and trunk, often progressive

cervical dystonia: spasmodic torticollis

21
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A
  • involuntary movements especially of lower face and tongue
  • side effect of antipsych drugs
  • usually long term use
  • more frequent in older women
22
Q

Tourett’s disorder

A
  • abnormal dopamine and NE
  • motor, limbic, and behavioral cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits also implicated
  • childhood onset
  • causes vocal and motor tics
  • abrupt repetitive sterotyped movements
  • stress, environment and fatigue can exacerbate tics

Neuromuscular PT 1 (32 decks)

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